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09-SEPTEMBER-2008 19:33:10 - Fiber For other uses, see Fiber disambiguation. Fiber or fibre1 is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together. Human uses for fibers are diverse. They can be spun into filaments, string or rope, used as a component of composite materials, or matted into sheets to make products such as paper or felt. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. Synthetic fibers can be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but natural fibers enjoy some benefits, such as comfort, over their man-made counterparts. Contents 1 Natural fibers 2 Man-made fibers 2.1 Mineral fibers 2.2 Polymer fibers 2.3 Microfibers 3 See also 4 Notes Natural fibers Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin: Vegetable fibers are generally based on arrangements of cellulose, often with lignin: examples include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, and sisal. Plant fibers are employed in the manufacture of paper and textile cloth, and dietary fiber is an important component of human nutrition. Wood fiber, distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources. Forms include groundwood, thermomechanical pulp TMP and bleached or unbleached kraft or sulfite pulps. Kraft and sulfite, also called sulphite, refer to the type of pulping process used to remove the lignin bonding the original wood structure, thus freeing the fibers for use in paper and engineered wood products such as fiberboard. Animal fibers consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are spider silk, sinew, catgut, wool and hair such as cashmere, mohair and angora, fur such as sheepskin, rabbit, mink, fox, beaver, etc. Mineral fibers comprise asbestos. Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long mineral fiber. Short, fiber-like minerals include wollastinite, attapulgite and halloysite. Man-made fibers Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose, including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. Cellulose-based fibers are of two types, regenerated or pure cellulose such as from the cupro-ammonium process and modified or derivitized cellulose such as the cellulose acetates. Mineral fibers Fiberglass, made from specific glass, and optical fiber, made from purified natural quartz, are also man-made fibers that come from natural raw materials. Metallic fibers can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver and extruded or deposited from more brittle ones, such as nickel, aluminum or iron. Carbon fibers are often based on carbonised polymers, but the end product is pure carbon. There are two sorts of man-made fibers: synthetic fibers and regenerated fibers. Polymer fibers Polymer fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals often from petrochemical sources rather than arising from natural materials by a purely physical process. Such fibers are made from: polyamide nylon, PET or PBT polyester phenol-formaldehyde PF polyvinyl alcohol fiber PVOH polyvinyl chloride fiber PVC polyolefins PP and PE acrylic polymers, pure polyacrylonitrile PAN fibers are used to make carbon fiber by roasting them in a low oxygen environment. Traditional acrylic fiber is used more often as a synthetic replacement for wool. Carbon fibers and PF fibers are noted as two resin-based fibers that are not thermoplastic, most others can be melted. Aromatic polyamids aramids such as Twaron, Kevlar and Nomex thermally degrade at high temperatures and do not melt. These fibers have strong bonding between polymer chains polyethylene PE, eventually with extremely long chains / HMPE e.g. Dyneema or Spectra. Elastomers can even be used, e.g. spandex although urethane fibers are starting to replace spandex technology. polyurethane fiber Coextruded fibers have two distinct polymers forming the fiber, usually as a core-sheath or side-by-side. Coated fibers exist such as nickel-coated to provide static elimination, silver-coated to provide anti-bacterial properties and aluminum-coated to provide RF deflection for radar chaff. Radar chaff is actually a spool of continuous glass tow that has been aluminum coated. An aircraft-mounted high speed cutter chops it up as it spews from a moving aircraft to confuse radar signals. Microfibers Micro fibers in textiles refer to sub-denier fiber such as polyester drawn to 0.5 dn. Denier and Detex are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer to ultra fine fibers glass or meltblown thermoplastics often used in filtration. Newer fiber designs include extruding fiber that splits into multiple finer fibers. Most synthetic fibers are round in cross-section, but special designs can be hollow, oval, star-shaped or trilobal. The latter design provides more optically reflective properties. Synthetic textile fibers are often crimped to provide bulk in a woven, non woven or knitted structure. Fiber surfaces can also be dull or bright. Dull surfaces reflect more light while bright tends to transmit light and make the fiber more transparent. Very short and/or irregular fibers have been called fibrils. Natural cellulose, such as cotton or bleached kraft show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure. See also Optical fiber Fiber crop Tensile strength Molded pulp Dietary fiber Fibers in Differential Geometry Notes ^ Fibre is the correct spelling in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries. It is an alternate spelling in the United States. v d e Fibers Natural Animal Alpaca · Angora · Camel hair · Cashmere · Catgut · Chiengora · Llama · Mohair · Silk · Sinew · Spider silk · Wool Vegetable Bamboo · Coir · Cotton · Flax · Hemp · Jute · Kenaf · Manila · Piña · Raffia · Ramie · Sisal Mineral Asbestos · Basalt · Mineral Wool · Glass Wool Hemp stem fibre Synthetic Acrylic · Aramid Twaron Kevlar Technora Nomex · Carbon Tenax · Microfiber · Nylon · Olefin · Polyester · Polyethylene Dyneema Spectra · Rayon · Spandex · Tencel · Zylon v d e Textile arts Fundamentals: Applique · Crochet · Dyeing · Fabric textiles · Fiber · Knitting · Lace · NÃ¥lebinding · Needlework · Patchwork · Passementerie · Plying · Quilting · Rope · Sewing · Spinning · Tapestry · Textile printing · Weaving · Yarn History of... : Clothing and textiles · Silk · Quilting · Textiles in the Industrial Revolution · Timeline of textile technology Related: Blocking · Fiber art · Mathematics and fiber arts · Manufacturing · Preservation · Terminology · Textile industry · Textile Museums · Wearable fiber art Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Fiber Categories: Fibers | Materials | Textiles Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Deutsch Esperanto Français í•œêµì–´ Bahasa Indonesia Ido Ã?slenska Italiano Magyar ಕನà³?ನಡ Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ РуÑ?Ñ?кий Polski Português Runa Simi Simple English Suomi Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 4 August 2008, at 00:5
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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