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14-September-2008 18:02:45 - Adenoma Redirected from Adrenal adenoma January 2008 Adenoma Classification and external resources ICD-10 D12., D35.0, D34., D35.2, and others ICD-9 211.3, 211.5,223.0, 226, 227.0, ICD-O: M8140/0 MeSH D000236 An adenoma is a collection of growths -oma of glandular origin. Adenomas can grow from many organs including the colon, adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, etc. These growths are benign, although over time they may progress to become malignant, at which point they are called adenocarcinomas. Though adenomas are benign, they have the potential to cause serious health complications by compressing other structures mass effect and by producing large amounts of hormones in an unregulated, nonfeedback-dependent manner paraneoplastic syndrome. Contents 1 Histopathology 2 Locations 2.1 Colon 2.2 Renal 2.3 Adrenal 2.4 Thyroid 2.5 Pituitary 2.6 Liver 2.7 Breast 2.8 Appendix 3 External links Histopathology Adenoma aldosteronoma is a benign epithelial tumor arising in epithelium of mucosa stomach, small intestine, and bowel, glands endocrine and exocrine, and ducts. In hollow organs digestive tract, the adenoma grows upwards into the lumen - adenomatous Polyp medicinepolyp or polypoid adenoma. Depending on the type of the insertion base, adenoma may be pedunculated lobular head with a long slender stalk, covered by normal mucosa or sessile broad base. The adenomatous proliferation is characterized by different degrees of cell dysplasia atypia or loss of normal differentiation of epithelium irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, pseudostratified nuclei, nucleolus, decreased mucosecretion, and mitosis. The architecture may be tubular, villous, or tubulo-villous. Basement membrane and muscularis mucosae are intact. Locations Colon Adenomas of the colon are quite prevalent. They are found commonly at colonoscopy. They are removed because of their tendency to become malignant and to lead to colon cancer. Renal This is a tumor that is most often small and asymptomatic, and its derived from renal tubules. It may be a precursor lesion to renal carcinoma. Adrenal Adrenal adenomas are common, and are often found on the abdomen, usually not as the focus of investigation; they are usually incidental findings. About one in 10,000 is malignant. Thus, a biopsy is rarely called for, especially if the lesion is homogeneous and smaller than 3 centimeters. Follow-up images in three to six months can confirm the stability of the growth. While some adrenal adenomas do not secrete hormones at all , often some secrete cortisol, causing Cushing's syndrome, aldosterone causing Conn's syndrome, or androgens causing hyperandrogenism. Thyroid About one in 10 people are found to have solitary thyroid nodules. Investigation is required because a small percentage of these are malignant. Biopsy usually confirms the growth to be an adenoma, but, sometimes, excision at surgery is required, especially when the cells found at biopsy are of the follicular type. Pituitary Pituitary adenomas are commonly seen in 10% of neurological patients. A lot of them remain undiagnosed. Treatment is usually surgical, to which patients generally respond well. The most common subtype, prolactinoma, is seen more often in women, and is frequently diagnosed during pregnancy as the hormone progesterone increases its growth. Medical therapy bromocriptine generally suppresses prolactinomas; progesterone antagonist therapy has not proven to be successful. Liver Hepatocellular adenoma, Hepatic adenomas are a rare benign tumour of the liver, which may present with hepatomegaly or other symptoms. Breast Breast adenomas are called fibroadenomas. They are often very small and difficult to detect. Often there are no symptoms. Treatments can include a needle biopsy, and/or removal. Appendix Adenomas can also appear in the appendix. The condition is extremely rare, and most physicians will never encounter an actual case, but they do happen. The most common version is called cystadenoma. They are usually discovered in the course of examination of the tissue following an appendectomy. If the appendix has ruptured and a tumor is present, this presents challenges, especially if malignant cells have formed and thus spread to the abdomen. In 1995 Former Vice President Dan Quayle was found to have cystadenoma in the appendix. External links Photos at Atlas of Pathology Adrenal adenoma description at 00007 at CHORUS What is adenoma? How I Do It - Removing large or sessile colonic polyps. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark's Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008. v d e Epithelial neoplasms ICD-O 8010-8799 Papilloma/carcinoma 8010-8139 Small cell carcinoma - Verrucous carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Basal cell carcinoma - Transitional cell carcinoma - Inverted papilloma Adenomas/adenocarcinomas 8140-8429 Linitis plastica pancreas Insulinoma, Glucagonoma, Gastrinoma, VIPoma, Somatostatinoma - Neuroendocrine tumors Cholangiocarcinoma - Hepatocellular adenoma/Hepatocellular carcinoma - Adenoid cystic carcinoma - Familial adenomatous polyposis - Prolactinoma - Oncocytoma - Hurthle cell - Clear cell adenoma/adenocarcinoma - Renal cell carcinoma - Multiple endocrine neoplasia - Endometrioid tumor - Apudoma - Klatskin tumor - Carcinoid - Cylindroma Adrenocortical adenoma/Adrenocortical carcinoma Papillary hidradenoma Adnexal And Skin appendage 8390-8429 sweat gland Hidrocystoma, Syringoma Cystic, Mucinous And Serous 8440-8499 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma - Cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma/Pseudomyxoma peritonei - Signet ring cell carcinoma/Krukenberg tumor Ductal, Lobular And Medullary 8500-8549 Ductal carcinoma - Comedocarcinoma - Paget's disease of the breast/Extramammary Paget's disease Acinar cell 8550-8559 Acinic cell carcinoma Complex epithelial 8560-8589 Warthin's tumor - Thymoma Gonadal 8590-8679 Sex cord-stromal tumour: Thecoma - Granulosa cell tumour - Luteoma - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour Paragangliomas And Glomus tumors 8680-8719 Paraganglioma - Pheochromocytoma - Glomus tumor Nevi and melanomas 8720-8799 Melanocytic nevus - Dysplastic nevus - Halo nevus Nodular melanoma - Lentigo maligna melanoma - Superficial spreading melanoma - Acral lentiginous melanoma α Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Adenoma Categories: Endocrinology | Anatomical pathology | Oncology | Types of cancerHidden categories: January 2008 | All articles lacking sources Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Français Galego Italiano Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski РуÑ?Ñ?кий Suomi Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو Português This page was last modified on 19 July 2008, at 20:19
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