Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
14-September-2008 18:02:39 - Bothrops jararaca Bothrops jararaca Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Serpentes Family: Viperidae Subfamily: Crotalinae Genus: Bothrops Species: B. jararaca Binomial name Bothrops jararaca Wied-Neuwied, 1824 Synonyms Cophias Jajaraca - Wied-Neuwied, 1824 Bothrops leucostigma - Wagler, 1824 Cophias Jararaca - Wied-Neuwied, 1824 Cophias Jararaca - Wied-Neuwied, 1825 Cophias. Jararakka - Wied-Neuwied, 1825 Cophias Jararaca - Wagler, 1830 Trigonocephalus. jararaca - Schlegel, 1837 Craspedocephalus brasiliensis - Günther, 1858 Crotalus Craspedocephalus Brasiliensis - Higgins, 1873 Bothrops jararaca - Golay et al., 19931 Common names: Jararaca,2 yarara.3 Bothrops jararaca is a venomous pitviper species found in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The species name is derived from the Tupi words yarará and ca, which means large snake. Within its range it is often abundant and is an important cause of snakebite.2 No subspecies are currently recognized.4 Contents 1 Description 2 Common names 3 Geographic range 4 Habitat 5 Feeding 6 Reproduction 7 Venom 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Description This is a slender and terrestrial species that grows to a maximum length of 160 cm, although the average length is much less.2 The head scalation includes 5-12 intersupraoculars that are weakly keeled, 7-9 supralabials usually 8 of which the second is fused with the prelacunal to form a lacunolabial, and 9-13 sublabials usually 10-12. Midbody there are 20-27 dorsal scales usually 23-25. The ventrals number 170-216 rarely 218 and there are 51-71 subcaudals that are mostly paired.2 The color-pattern is extremely variable, consisting of a dorsal ground color that may be tan, brown, gray, yellow, olive, or almost maroon. Midbody, this color is usually somewhat lighter than the head, anterior and posterior. This is overlaid with a series of pale-edged, dark brown subtriangular or trapezoidal markings on either side of the body, the apices of which reach the vertebral line. These marking may be situated opposite each other, or partially or completely juxtaposed; most specimens have a pattern with all three variations. In juveniles, the tip of the tail is white.2 The head has a prominent, dark brown stripe that runs from behind the eye on either side of the head back to the angle of the mouth, usually touching the last three supralabials. Dorsally, this stripe is bordered by a distinct pale area. The tongue is black and the iris is gold to greenish gold with slightly darker reticulations.2 Common names The English common name is jararaca. In Argentina it is called yararaca and yararaca perezosa. In Brazil it is referred to as caissaca, jaraca, jaracá, jararaca, jararaca-do-rabo-branco, jararaca-do-campo, jararaca-do-cerrado, jararaca-dormideira, jararaca-dominhoca and malha-de-sapo. In Paraguay it is called yarará.2 Geographic range Found in southern Brazil, northeastern Paraguay and northern Argentina Misiones. The type locality is listed as Lagoa d'Arara am Mucurí Brazil by Wied-Neuwied in 1825.1 Occurs from near sea level to over 1,000 m altitude.2 Habitat Prefers deciduous tropical forests and savanna country, as well as semi-tropical upland forests. It is said to favor open areas, such as farmland, with nearby vegetation cover.2 Feeding They prey on birds and small mammals. Reproduction Ovoviviparous. They are believed to produce about twenty young at a time. Venom This species is often abundant within its range, where it is an important cause of snakebite.2 It is the most well-known venomous snake in the wealthy and heavily populated areas of southeastern Brazil, where is was responsible for 52% 3,446 cases of snakebite between 1902 and 1945 with an 0.7% mortality rate 25 deaths.5 The average venom yield is 25-26 mg with a maximum of 300 mg of dried venom. The venom is quite toxic. In mice, the LD50 is 1.2-1.3 mg/kg intravenous, 1.4 mg/kg intraperitoneal and 3.0 mg/kg subcutaneous. For humans, the LD50 is estimated to be 210 mg subcutaneous.6 Typical envenomation symptoms include local swelling, petechiae, bruising and blistering of the affected limb, spontaneous systemic bleeding of the gums and into the skin, subconjunctival hemorrhage and incoagulable blood. The systemic symptoms can potentially be fatal and may involve hemostatic disorders, intracranial hemorrhage, shock and renal failure.5 The drug, captopril, which is used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure, was developed from a peptide found in the venom of this species. See also List of crotaline species and subspecies Bothrops by common name Bothrops by taxonomic synonyms Crotalinae by common name Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms Snakebite References ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 series. ISBN 1-893777-01-4 volume. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2. ^ U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X. ^ Bothrops jararaca TSN 634867. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 21 January 2007. ^ a b Warrell DA. 2004. Snakebites in Central and South America: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Clinical Management. In Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2. ^ Brown JH. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. ISBN 0-398-02808-7. External links Bothrops jararaca at the TIGR Reptile Database. Accessed 6 December 2007. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bothrops_jararaca Categories: Bothrops | Fauna of Brazil | Reptiles of Argentina | Fauna of Paraguay Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español 日本語 Português This page was last modified on 26 August 2008, at 13:36
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.