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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
14-September-2008 18:02:39 - Bronchodilator A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing airway resistance and thereby facilitating airflow. Bronchodilators may be endogenous originating naturally within the body, or they may be medications administered for the treatment of breathing difficulties. They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases, of which asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common conditions. Although this remains somewhat controversial, they might be useful in bronchiolitis. They are often prescribed but of unproven significance in restrictive lung diseases. Bronchodilators are either short-acting or long-acting. Short-acting medications provide quick or rescue relief from acute bronchoconstriction. Long-acting bronchodilators help to control and prevent symptoms. The three types of prescription bronchodilating drugs are β2-agonists short- and long-acting, anticholinergics short-acting, and theophylline long-acting. Contents 1 Short-acting β2-agonists 2 Long-acting β2-agonists 3 Anticholinergics 4 Brand names of common bronchodilators Short-acting β2-agonists These are quick-relief or rescue medications that provide fast, temporary relief from asthma symptoms or flare-ups. These medications usually take effect within 20 minutes or less, and can last from four to six hours. These inhaled medications are best for treating sudden and severe or new asthma symptoms. Taken 15 to 20 minutes ahead of time, these medications can also prevent asthma symptoms triggered by exercise or exposure to cold air. Patients that regularly or frequently need to take short-acting β2-agonists should consult their doctor, as such usage indicates uncontrolled asthma, and their routine medications may need adjustment. Long-acting β2-agonists These are long-term medications taken routinely in order to control and prevent bronchoconstriction. They are not intended for fast relief. These medications take longer to begin working, but relieve airway constriction for up to 12 hours. Inhaled - Commonly taken twice a day with an anti-inflammatory medication, they maintain open airways and prevent asthma symptoms, particularly at night. Oral - Long-acting albuterol is available in pill or syrup form. Effective for 12 hours, albuterol is particularly helpful for nighttime asthma symptoms. Because this medication requires high dosing, there tend to be increased side-effects. Therefore it is not commonly prescribed. Side-effects include increased heart rate; hyperactivity; feeling nervous, shaky, or over-excited; and, very rarely, upset stomach or difficulty sleeping. Anticholinergics Only available as an inhalant, ipratropium bromide relieves acute or new asthma symptoms. Because it has no effect on asthma symptoms when used alone, it is most often paired with a short-acting β2-agonist. While it is considered a relief or rescue medication, it can take a full hour to begin working. For this reason, it plays a minor role in asthma treatment. Dry throat is the most common side-effect. If the medication gets in contact with the eyes, it may cause blurred vision for a brief time. Available in oral and injectable form, theophylline is a long-acting bronchodilator that prevents asthma episodes. It belongs to the chemical class methyl xanthines along with caffeine. It is prescribed in severe cases of asthma or those that are difficult to control. It must be taken 1-4 times daily, and doses cannot be missed. Blood tests are required to monitor therapy and to indicate when dosage adjustment is necessary. Side-effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach or headache, rapid or irregular heart beat, muscle cramps, nervous or jittery feelings, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may signal the need for an adjustment in medication. It may promote acid reflux, also known as GERD, by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter muscle. Some medications, such as seizure and ulcer medications and antibiotics containing erythromycin, can interfere with the way theopylline works. Coffee, tea, colas, cigarette-smoking, and viral illnesses can all affect the action of theophylline and change its effectiveness. A physician should monitor dosage levels to meet each patient's profile and needs. pko Brand names of common bronchodilators Following the standard convention of medicine, the capitalized brand name is followed by the lowercased generic name in parentheses. Accu-Hale Maxair pirbuterol Primatene ephedrine Proventil salbutamol = albuterol Serevent salmeterol Ventolin salbutamol = albuterol Xopenex levosalbutamol = levalbuterol Spiropent clenbuterol v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD R03 Adrenergics, inhalants Short acting β2-agonists Salbutamol/Levosalbutamol Fenoterol Terbutaline Pirbuterol Procaterol Bitolterol Rimiterol Carbuterol Tulobuterol Reproterol Long acting β2-agonists LABA Arformoterol Bambuterol Clenbuterol Formoterol Salmeterol Ultra LABA: Indacaterol other Epinephrine Hexoprenaline Isoprenaline Isoproterenol Orciprenaline Metaproterenol Glucocorticoids Beclometasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Fluticasone Mometasone Anticholinergics/ muscarinic antagonist Ipratropium Tiotropium Mast cell stabilizers Cromoglicate Nedocromil Xanthines Aminophylline Doxofylline Theobromine Theophylline Leukotriene antagonists Montelukast Pranlukast Zafirlukast Lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton Thromboxane receptor antagonists Ramatroban Seratrodast Combination products Budesonide/formoterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Ipratropium/salbutamol Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bronchodilator Categories: Bronchodilators | Asthma Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Türkçe Català Deutsch Español Français Norsk bokmål Português This page was last modified on 9 September 2008, at 09:2
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