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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
14-September-2008 18:02:39 - glycoside Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. These glycosides are found as secondary metabolites in several plants, but also in some animals. Some of these compounds ouabain and some frog poisons are used in Africa as arrow-poisons for hunting. Contents 1 Function 2 Examples 3 See also 4 External links Function Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting the Na+/K+ pump. This causes an increase in the level of sodium ions in the myocytes, which then leads to a rise in the level of calcium ions. This inhibition increases the amount of Ca2+ ions available for contraction of the heart muscle, improves cardiac output and reduces distention of the heart. They do this by stabilizing the E2-P transition state of the Na+/K+ pump. The proposed mechanism is the following: inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump leads to increased Na+ levels, which in turn slows down the extrusion of Ca2+ via the Na+/Ca2+ exchange pump. Increased amounts of Ca2+ are then stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by each action potential. They have an antiarrhythmic effect by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node Atrioventricular node, reducing the number of impulses reaching the ventricles. Cardiac output is restored but atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter are not abolished. Examples Examples of plants producing cardiac glycosides: Strophanthus - ouabain g/k/e-strophanthin Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea - digoxin, digitoxin Scilla maritima - proscillaridine A Adonis vernalis, Adonis aestivalis Acokanthera oblongifolia Convallaria lily of the valley Some frog-poisons contain bufalin, marinobufagenin and bufadienolides, cardiac glycosides. See also Cardenolide aglycones External links v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Glycosides Bond: N-glycosidic bond | O-glycosidic bond | S-glycosidic bond Geometry: α-Glycoside | β-Glycoside | 1,4-Glycoside | 1,6-Glycoside Glycone: Glucoside | Fructoside | Glucuronide Aglycone: Alcoholic glycoside | Anthraquinone glycoside | Bufanolide | Cardenolide | Cardiac glycoside | Coumarin glycoside | Cyanogenic glycoside | Flavonoid glycoside | Glycosylamine | Phenolic glycoside | Saponin | Steviol glycoside | Thioglycoside Major families of biochemicals Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles v d e Cardiac glycosides C01A Digitalis glycosides Acetyldigitoxin - Acetyldigoxin - Digitalis leaves - Digitoxin - Digoxin - Lanatoside C - Deslanoside - Metildigoxin - Gitoformate Scilla glycosides Proscillaridin Strophantus glycosides G-strophanthin - Cymarin Other cardiac glycosides Peruvoside Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cardiac_glycoside Categories: Cardiac glycosides | Glycosides Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Türkçe Česky Deutsch Eesti Español Français Italiano 日本語 Polski Português Tiếng Việt 中文 This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 19:56
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