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14-September-2008 18:02:39 - Efferent arteriole Artery: Efferent arteriole Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply. Label Efferent vessel is visible in upper left. Distribution of bloodvessels in cortex of kidney. Latin arteriola glomerularis efferens Gray's subject #253 1221 Source glomerular capillaries Dorlands / Elsevier a_62/12156671 The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure. In the mammalian kidney they follow two markedly different courses, depending on the location of the glomeruli from which they arise. In the mammalian kidney about 15% of glomeruli lie close to the boundary between the renal cortex and renal medulla and are known as juxtamedullary glomeruli. The rest are simply undifferentiated cortical glomeruli. Contents 1 In undifferentiated cortical glomeruli 2 In juxtamedullary glomeruli 3 Regulation of glomerular filtration rate 4 See also 5 Additional images 6 External links In undifferentiated cortical glomeruli The efferent arterioles of the undifferentiated cortical glomeruli are the simplest. Promptly on leaving the glomerulus they break up into capillaries and become part of a rich plexus of vessels surrounding the cortical portions of the renal tubules. Their chief function is to receive the resorbate from these tubules and return it to artery circulation. In juxtamedullary glomeruli The efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary glomeruli are much different. They do break up, but they form bundles of vessels arteriolae recti that cross the outer zone of the medulla to perfuse the inner zone. Vessels returning from the inner medulla venulae recti intersperse themselves in a highly regular fashion among the descending arteriolae recti to form a well organized rete mirabile. This rete is responsible for the osmotic isolation of the inner medulla from the rest of the kidney and so permits the excretion of a hypertonic urine when circumstances require. Interestingly, since the rete also isolates the inner medulla from gaseous exchange, any metabolism in this area is anaerobic, and red cells, which would serve no purpose there, are ordinarily shunted from the arteriolae recti by an unknown mechanism into the capillary plexus surrounding the tubules of the outer zone of the medulla. Blood in this plexus and returning from the inner medulla finds its way to the renal vein and the general circulation by pathways similar to those providing drainage for the rest of the cortex. Regulation of glomerular filtration rate When angiotensin II levels are increased due to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, most of the arteries in the body experience vasoconstriction, in order to maintain adequate blood pressure. However, this reduces blood flow to the kidneys. To compensate, the efferent arterioles constrict to a greater degree than the other arteries, in response to increased levels of angiotensin II. Pressure in glomerular capillaries is therefore maintained and glomerular filtration rate remains adequate. See also Afferent arteriole Additional images Malpighian corpuscle. Glomerulus. External links Physiology at MCG 7/7ch03/7ch03p10 Organology at UC Davis Urinary/mammal/vasc0/vasc3 - Mammal, renal vasculature EM, Low This cardiovascular system article is a stub. v d e Urinary system - Kidney Layers Renal fascia Renal capsule Renal cortex Renal column Renal medulla Renal sinus, Renal pyramids, medullary interstitium Renal lobe Cortical lobule Medullary ray Nephron Afferent circulation Renal artery → Segmental arteries → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Renal corpuscle Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule Renal tubule Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle Descending, Thin ascending, Thick ascending → Distal convoluted tubule → Connecting tubule → Collecting ducts → Duct of Bellini → Renal papilla → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter Efferent circulation Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Peritubular capillaries / Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Interlobar veins → Renal vein Juxtaglomerular apparatus Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium/Extraglomerular mesangial cell Filtration Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium/Intraglomerular mesangial cell Tubular fluid Renal physiology Acid base physiology Fluid balance Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Efferent_arteriole Categories: Cardiovascular system stubs | Kidney | Urinary system Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Español 日本語 This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 12:29
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