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14-September-2008 18:02:42 - Flamingo protein cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1 flamingo homolog, Drosophila Identifiers Symbols CELSR1 Entrez 9620 OMIM 604523 cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 flamingo homolog, Drosophila Identifiers Symbols CELSR2 EGFL2 Entrez 1952 OMIM 604265 cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 flamingo homolog, Drosophila Identifiers Symbols CELSR3 EGFL1 Entrez 1951 OMIM 604264 Flamingo is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of proteins. Flamingo has sequence homology to cadherins and G protein-coupled receptors GPCR. Flamingo was originally identified as a Drosophila protein involved in planar cell polarity.1 Mammals have three flamingo homologs, CELSR1, CELSR2, CELSR3. In mice all three have distinct expression patterns in the brain.2 Contents 1 Adhesion G protein coupled receptors 2 Axon fascicles 3 Function in dendrite morphology 4 Vertebrate planar cell polarity 5 References Adhesion G protein coupled receptors The adhesion-GPCR family has over thirty members in the human genome.3 The adhesion GPCRs are seven transmembrane helix proteins that have long N-terminal domains. For example, flamingo has EGF-like, Laminin G-like and Cadherin-like sequences in its N-terminal extracellular domain. Axon fascicles Mice that lack CELSR3 have altered bundeling of axons to form fascicles.4 Function in dendrite morphology In Drosophila, flamingo mutants were found to have abnormal dendrite branching, outgrowth and routing.5 Kimura et al proposed that flamingo regulates dendrite branch elongation and prevents the dendritic trees of adjacent Drosophila sensory neurons from having overlap of dendritic arbors.6 A study of mammalian flamingo homolog CELSR2 found that it is involved in the regulation of dendrite growth. RNAi was used to alter CELSR2 expression in cortical and cerebral brain slice cultures. The dendrites of pyramidal neurons in cortical cultures and Purkinje neurons in cerebellar cultures were simplified when CELSR2 expression was reduced.7 Vertebrate planar cell polarity CELSR1 was shown to be required for the normal polarized position of kinocilia to one side of hair cells of the mouse inner ear.8 References ^ T. Usui, Y. Shima, Y. Shimada, S. Hirano, R. Burgess, T. Schwarz, M. Takeichi and T. Uemura 1999 Flamingo, a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity under the control of Frizzled in Cell Volume 98, pages 585-595. Entrez PubMed 10490098 ^ F. Tissir, O. De-Backer, A. Goffinet and C. Lambert de Rouvroit C 2002 Developmental expression profiles of Celsr Flamingo genes in the mouse in Mechanisms of development Volume 112, pages 157-160. Entrez PubMed 11850187 ^ T. Bjarnadóttir, R. Fredriksson, P. Höglund, D. Gloriam, M. Lagerström and H. Schiöth 2004 The human and mouse repertoire of the adhesion family of G-protein-coupled receptors in Genomics Volume 84, pages 23-33. Entrez PubMed 15203201 ^ F. Tissir, I. Bar, Y. Jossin, O. De Backer and A. Goffinet 2005 Protocadherin Celsr3 is crucial in axonal tract development. in Nature Neuroscience Volume 8, pages 451-457. Entrez PubMed 15778712 ^ Fen-Biao Gao, Jay E. Brenman, Lily Yeh Jan and Yuh Nung Jan 1999 Genes regulating dendritic outgrowth, branching, and routing in Drosophila in Genes Dev Volume 13, pages 2549-61. Entrez PubMed 10521399 ^ H. Kimura, T. Usui, A. Tsubouchi and T. Uemura 2006 Potential dual molecular interaction of the Drosophila 7-pass transmembrane cadherin Flamingo in dendritic morphogenesis in Journal of Cell Science Volume 119, pages 1118-1129. Entrez PubMed 16507587 ^ Y. Shima, M. Kengaku, T. Hirano, M. Takeichi and T. Uemura 2004 Regulation of dendritic maintenance and growth by a mammalian 7-pass transmembrane cadherin in Developmental cell Volume 7, pages 205-16. Entrez PubMed 15296717 ^ J. Curtin, E. Quint, V. Tsipouri, R. Arkell, B. Cattanach, A. Copp, D. Henderson, N. Spurr, P. Stanier, E. Fisher, P. Nolan, K. Steel, S. Brown, I. Gray and J. Murdoch 2003 Mutation of Celsr1 disrupts planar polarity of inner ear hair cells and causes severe neural tube defects in the mouse in Current biology Volume 13, pages 1129-1133. Entrez PubMed 12842012 v d e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors Class A: Rhodopsin like Adrenergic α1 A, B, D, α2 A, B, C, β1, β2, β3 Eicosanoid CysLT 1, 2, LTB4 1, 2, FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin DP, EP 1, 2, 3, 4, PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane Neuropeptide B/W 1, 2, FF 1, 2, S, Y 1, 2, 4, 5 Orphan GPR 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182 Purinergics Adenosine A1, A2a, A2b, A3, P2Y, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Serotonin all but 5-HT3 5-HT1 A, B, D, E, F, 5-HT2 A, B, C, 5-HT 4, 5A, 6, 7 Other Acetylcholine M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin C3a, C5a - Angiotensin 1, 2 - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin BRS3, GRPR, NMBR - Bradykinin B1, B2 - Cannabinoid CB1, CB2 - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin A, B - Dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 - EBI2 - Endothelin A, B - Estrogen - Formyl peptide 1, L1, L2 - Free fatty acid 1, 2, 3, 4 - FSH - Galanin 1, 2, 3 - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - Ghrelin - Histamine H1, H2, H3, H4 - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - MAS 1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4 - Melanocortin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - MCHR 1, 2 - Melatonin 1A, 1B- Motilin - neuromedin B, U 1, 2 - Neurotensin 1, 2 - Opioid Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma - Olfactory - Opsin 3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH - Orexin 1, 2 - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin 1, 2 - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated 1, 2, 3, 4 - Relaxin 1, 2, 3, 4 - Somatostatin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - SREB - Succinate - TAAR 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 - Tachykinin 1, 2, 3 - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin 1A, 1B, 2 Class B: Secretin like Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1, 2, 3 - Cadherin 1, 2, 3 - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - EMR 1, 2, 3 - Glucagon GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR 56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157 - Latrophilin 1, 2, 3, ELTD1 - Parathyroid hormone 1, 2 - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide 1, 2 Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B 1, 2 - Glutamate receptor Metabotropic glutamate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - GPRC6A - GPR 156, 158, 179 - RAIG 1, 2, 3, 4 - Taste receptors TAS1R 1, 2, 3 TAS2R 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 Frizzled / Smoothened Frizzled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - Smoothened Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Flamingo_protein Categories: Adhesion GPCRs | G protein coupled receptors Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 3 December 2007, at 20:0
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