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14-September-2008 18:02:42 - GNRHR Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor Identifiers Symbols GNRHR; GNRHR1; GRHR; LHRHR; LRHR External IDs OMIM: 138850 MGI: 95790 HomoloGene: 350 Gene ontology Molecular function: rhodopsin-like receptor activity receptor activity gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity Cellular component: integral to plasma membrane membrane Biological process: signal transduction G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway multicellular organismal development RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Orthologs Human Mouse Entrez 2798 14715 Ensembl ENSG00000109163 ENSMUSG00000029255 Uniprot P30968 Q01776 Refseq NM_000406 mRNA NP_000397 protein NM_010323 mRNA NP_034453 protein Location Chr 4: 68.29 - 68.3 Mb Chr 5: 87.26 - 87.27 Mb Pubmed search 1 2 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, also known as GNRHR, is a human gene.1 This gene encodes the receptor for type 1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This receptor is a member of the seven-transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptor GPCR family. It is expressed on the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells as well as lymphocytes, breast, ovary, and prostate. Following binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the receptor associates with G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Activation of the receptor ultimately causes the release of gonadotropic luteinizing hormone LH and follicle stimulating hormone FSH. Defects in this gene are a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism HH. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. More than 18 transcription initiation sites in the 5' region and multiple polyA signals in the 3' region have been identified for this gene.1 See also Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor References ^ a b Entrez Gene: GNRHR gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Further reading Michel U, Farnworth P, Findlay JK 1993. Follistatins: more than follicle-stimulating hormone suppressing proteins.. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 91 1-2: 1-11. PMID 8472841. Flanagan CA, Millar RP, Illing N 1998. Advances in understanding gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor structure and ligand interactions.. Rev. Reprod. 2 2: 113-20. PMID 9414473. Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M 2004. The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans.. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 24 4: 279-95. PMID 14726258. Bédécarrats GY, Kaiser UB 2007. Mutations in the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: insights into receptor biology and function.. Semin. Reprod. Med. 25 5: 368-78. doi:10.1055/s-2007-984743. PMID 17710733. Kakar SS, Musgrove LC, Devor DC, et al. 1992. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of human gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH receptor.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189 1: 289-95. PMID 1333190. Kakar SS, Grizzle WE, Neill JD 1995. The nucleotide sequences of human GnRH receptors in breast and ovarian tumors are identical with that found in pituitary.. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 106 1-2: 145-9. PMID 7534732. Leung PC, Squire J, Peng C, et al. 1995. Mapping of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH receptor gene to human chromosome 4q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.. Mamm. Genome 6 4: 309-10. PMID 7613048. Fan NC, Peng C, Krisinger J, Leung PC 1995. The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene: complete structure including multiple promoters, transcription initiation sites, and polyadenylation signals.. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 107 2: R1-8. PMID 7768323. Fan NC, Jeung EB, Peng C, et al. 1994. The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH receptor gene: cloning, genomic organization and chromosomal assignment.. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 103 1-2: R1-6. PMID 7958384. Chi L, Zhou W, Prikhozhan A, et al. 1993. Cloning and characterization of the human GnRH receptor.. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 91 1-2: R1-6. PMID 8386108. Grosse R, Schöneberg T, Schultz G, Gudermann T 1997. Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling by expression of a splice variant of the human receptor.. Mol. Endocrinol. 11 9: 1305-18. PMID 9259321. Kakar SS 1997. Molecular structure of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137 2: 183-92. PMID 9272108. de Roux N, Young J, Misrahi M, et al. 1997. A family with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and mutations in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.. N. Engl. J. Med. 337 22: 1597-602. PMID 9371856. Layman LC, Cohen DP, Jin M, et al. 1998. Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.. Nat. Genet. 18 1: 14-5. doi:10.1038/ng0198-14. PMID 9425890. de Roux N, Young J, Brailly-Tabard S, et al. 1999. The same molecular defects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor determine a variable degree of hypogonadism in affected kindred.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 2: 567-72. PMID 10022417. Caron P, Chauvin S, Christin-Maitre S, et al. 1999. Resistance of hypogonadic patients with mutated GnRH receptor genes to pulsatile GnRH administration.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 3: 990-6. PMID 10084584. Kottler ML, Bergametti F, Carrë MC, et al. 1999. Tissue-specific pattern of variant transcripts of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 140 6: 561-9. PMID 10366411. Pralong FP, Gomez F, Castillo E, et al. 1999. Complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with a novel inactivating mutation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 10: 3811-6. PMID 10523035. This transmembrane receptor-related article is a stub. This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. v d e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors Class A: Rhodopsin like Adrenergic α1 A, B, D, α2 A, B, C, β1, β2, β3 Eicosanoid CysLT 1, 2, LTB4 1, 2, FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin DP, EP 1, 2, 3, 4, PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane Neuropeptide B/W 1, 2, FF 1, 2, S, Y 1, 2, 4, 5 Orphan GPR 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182 Purinergics Adenosine A1, A2a, A2b, A3, P2Y, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Serotonin all but 5-HT3 5-HT1 A, B, D, E, F, 5-HT2 A, B, C, 5-HT 4, 5A, 6, 7 Other Acetylcholine M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin C3a, C5a - Angiotensin 1, 2 - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin BRS3, GRPR, NMBR - Bradykinin B1, B2 - Cannabinoid CB1, CB2 - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin A, B - Dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 - EBI2 - Endothelin A, B - Estrogen - Formyl peptide 1, L1, L2 - Free fatty acid 1, 2, 3, 4 - FSH - Galanin 1, 2, 3 - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - Ghrelin - Histamine H1, H2, H3, H4 - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - MAS 1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4 - Melanocortin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - MCHR 1, 2 - Melatonin 1A, 1B- Motilin - neuromedin B, U 1, 2 - Neurotensin 1, 2 - Opioid Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma - Olfactory - Opsin 3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH - Orexin 1, 2 - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin 1, 2 - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated 1, 2, 3, 4 - Relaxin 1, 2, 3, 4 - Somatostatin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - SREB - Succinate - TAAR 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 - Tachykinin 1, 2, 3 - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin 1A, 1B, 2 Class B: Secretin like Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1, 2, 3 - Cadherin 1, 2, 3 - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - EMR 1, 2, 3 - Glucagon GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR 56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157 - Latrophilin 1, 2, 3, ELTD1 - Parathyroid hormone 1, 2 - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide 1, 2 Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B 1, 2 - Glutamate receptor Metabotropic glutamate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - GPRC6A - GPR 156, 158, 179 - RAIG 1, 2, 3, 4 - Taste receptors TAS1R 1, 2, 3 TAS2R 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 Frizzled / Smoothened Frizzled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - Smoothened Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/GNRHR Categories: Genes on chromosome 4 | Human proteins | Transmembrane receptor stubs | G protein coupled receptorsHidden category: Protein pages needing a picture Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 8 July 2008, at 05:26
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