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14-September-2008 18:02:46 - Inhibin Merge arrows It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with activin. Discuss inhibin, alpha Identifiers Symbol INHA Entrez 3623 HUGO 6065 OMIM 147380 RefSeq NM_002191 UniProt P05111 Other data Locus Chr. 2 q33-qter inhibin, beta A activin A, activin AB alpha polypeptide Identifiers Symbol INHBA Entrez 3624 HUGO 6066 OMIM 147290 RefSeq NM_002192 UniProt P08476 Other data Locus Chr. 7 p15-p13 inhibin, beta B activin AB beta polypeptide Identifiers Symbol INHBB Entrez 3625 HUGO 6067 OMIM 147390 RefSeq NM_002193 UniProt P09529 Other data Locus Chr. 2 cen-q13 Inhibin is a peptide that is an inhibitor of FSH synthesis and secretion,1 and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Contents 1 Structure 2 Action 2.1 In females 2.2 In males 3 Activin 4 Clinical significance 5 References Structure Inhibin contains an alpha and beta subunit linked by disulfide bonds. Two forms of inhibin differ in their beta subunits A or B, while their alpha subunits are identical. Inhibin belongs to the transforming growth factor-β TGF-β superfamily. Action In both females and males, inhibin inhibits FSH production. However, the overall mechanism differs between the genders: In females In women, FSH stimulates the secretion of inhibin from the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in ovary. In turn, inhibin suppresses FSH. Inhibin secretion is diminished by GnRH, and enhanced by insulin-like growth factor-1 IGF-1. Inhibin B reaches a peak in the early- to mid-follicular phase, and a second peak at ovulation. Inhibin A reaches its peak in the mid-luteal phase. Inhibin is produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, placenta and other organs. In males In men, it is a hormone that inhibits FSH production leading to reduced testosterone secretion. It is secreted from the Sertoli cells,2 located in the seminiferous tubules inside the testes. Activin Activin is a related peptide that counteracts inhibin. Clinical significance Quantification of inhibin A is part of the prenatal quad screen that can be administered during pregnancy at a gestational age of 16-18 weeks. An elevated inhibin A along with an increased beta-hCG, decreased AFP, and a decreased estriol is3 suggestive of the presence of a fetus with Down's syndrome. As a screening test, abnormal quad screen test results need to be followed up with more definitive tests. It also has been used as a marker for ovarian cancer.45 References ^ van Zonneveld P, Scheffer G, Broekmans F, Blankenstein M, de Jong F, Looman C, Habbema J, te Velde E 2003. Do cycle disturbances explain the age-related decline of female fertility? Cycle characteristics of women aged over 40 years compared with a reference population of young women. Hum Reprod 18 3: 495-501. doi:10.1093/humrep/deg138. PMID 12615813. ^ Skinner M, McLachlan R, Bremner W 1989. Stimulation of Sertoli cell inhibin secretion by the testicular paracrine factor PModS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 66 2: 239-49. doi:10.1016/0303-72078990036-1. PMID 2515083. ^ Aitken D, Wallace E, Crossley J, Swanston I, van Pareren Y, van Maarle M, Groome N, Macri J, Connor J 1996. Dimeric inhibin A as a marker for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy. N Engl J Med 334 19: 1231-6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199605093341904. PMID 8606718. ^ Robertson D, Pruysers E, Jobling T. Inhibin as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett. PMID 17320281. ^ Robertson D, Pruysers E, Burger H, Jobling T, McNeilage J, Healy D 2004. Inhibins and ovarian cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 225 1-2: 65-71. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.014. PMID 15451569. v d e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α FSH, LH, TSH, GH, prolactin, POMC ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin Adrenal axis Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA Thyroid axis Thyroid: thyroid hormone T3 and T4 - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH Gonadal axis Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin pregnancy Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin Non-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor IGF-1, IGF-2 Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3 v d e Cell signaling: TGF beta signaling pathway TGF beta superfamily of ligands TGF beta family TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 Bone morphogenetic proteins BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15 Growth differentiation factors GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, Myostatin/GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15 Other Activin A and B/Inhibin A and B, Anti-müllerian hormone, Nodal TGF beta receptors Activin, BMP TGFBR1: Activin type 1 receptors ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C - ACVRL1 - BMPR1 BMPR1A - BMPR1B TGFBR2: Activin type 2 receptors ACVR2A, ACVR2B - AMHR2 - BMPR2 TGFBR3: betaglycan Transducers/SMAD R-SMAD SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, SMAD9 - I-SMAD SMAD6, SMAD7 - SMAD4 Ligand inhibitors Cerberus - Chordin - DAN - Decorin - Follistatin - Gremlin - Lefty - LTBP1 - Noggin - THBS1 Coreceptors BAMBI - Cripto Other SARA v d e Protein: glycoproteins Activin - ADAM protein - Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin - Apolipoprotein H - CD70 - Asialoglycoprotein - Avidin - B-cell activating factor - 4-1BB ligand - Cholesterylester transfer protein - Clusterin - Colony-stimulating factor - Haemopexin - Inhibin - Lactoferrin - Membrane glycoproteins - Mucoprotein - Myelin protein zero - Osteonectin - Protein C - Protein S - Proteoglycan - Serum amyloid P component - Sialoglycoprotein CD43, Glycophorin, Glycophorin C - Thrombopoietin - Thyroglobulin - Thyroxine-binding proteins - Transcortin - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha - Uteroglobin - Vitronectin Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Inhibin Categories: All articles to be merged | Genes on chromosome 2 | Genes on chromosome 7 | Cell signaling | Signal transduction | Reproductive system | Hormones of the ovary | Peptide hormones | TGFβ domainHidden categories: Articles to be merged since December 2007 | Protein pages needing a picture Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Español Français 日本語 Polski ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 22 June 2008, at 20:08
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