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14-September-2008 18:02:46 - 2 Insulin-like growth factor 2 somatomedin A PDB rendering based on 1igl. Available structures: 1igl Identifiers Symbols IGF2; C11orf43; FLJ22066; FLJ44734; INSIGF; pp9974 External IDs OMIM: 147470 MGI: 96434 HomoloGene: 510 Gene ontology Molecular function: insulin-like growth factor receptor binding hormone activity insulin-like growth factor binding growth factor activity prothoracicotrophic hormone activity Cellular component: cellular_component extracellular region Biological process: regulation of progression through cell cycle skeletal development imprinting multicellular organismal development biological_process cell proliferation insulin receptor signaling pathway RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Orthologs Human Mouse Entrez 3481 16002 Ensembl ENSG00000167244 ENSMUSG00000048583 Uniprot P01344 P09535 Refseq NM_000612 mRNA NP_000603 protein NM_010514 mRNA NP_034644 protein Location Chr 11: 2.11 - 2.13 Mb Chr 7: 142.46 - 142.47 Mb Pubmed search 1 2 Insulin-like growth factor 2 IGF-2 is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin. Contents 1 Gene structure 2 Protein structure 3 Function 4 Diseases 5 See also 6 External links 7 References 8 Further reading Gene structure In humans, the IGF2 gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region which contains numerous imprinted genes. In mice this homologous region is found at distal chromosome 7. In both organisms, Igf2 is imprinted, with expression resulting favourably from the paternally inherited allele. The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region ICR along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 DMR1 and Matrix Attachment Region -3 MAR3. These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the Igf2 region. The mechanism in which CTCF binds to these regions is currently unknown, but could include either a direct DNA-CTCF interaction or it could possibly be mediated by other proteins Protein structure IGF-2 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor. IGF2 may also bind to the IGF-2 receptor also called the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which acts as a signalling antagonist; that is, to prevent IGF2 responses. Function The major role of IGF2 is as a growth promoting hormone during gestation. Diseases It is sometimes produced in non-islet cell tumours, causing hypoglycemia Doege-Potter syndrome. See also Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor External links MeSH Insulin-Like+Growth+Factor+II References Further reading O'Dell SD, Day IN 1998. Insulin-like growth factor II IGF-II.. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30 7: 767-71. PMID 9722981. Butler AA, Yakar S, Gewolb IH, et al. 1999. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signal transduction: at the interface between physiology and cell biology.. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. 121 1: 19-26. PMID 9972281. Kalli KR, Conover CA 2004. The insulin-like growth factor/insulin system in epithelial ovarian cancer.. Front. Biosci. 8: d714-22. PMID 12700030. Wood AW, Duan C, Bern HA 2005. Insulin-like growth factor signaling in fish.. Int. Rev. Cytol. 243: 215-85. doi:10.1016/S0074-76960543004-1. PMID 15797461. Fowden AL, Sibley C, Reik W, Constancia M 2006. Imprinted genes, placental development and fetal growth.. Horm. Res. 65 Suppl 3: 50-8. doi:10.1159/000091506. PMID 16612114. This biochemistry article is a stub. v d e Growth factors Fibroblast FGF receptor ligands: 1 acidic/2 basic/5 · 3/4/6 · 7/10/22 · 8/17/18 · 9/16/20 FGF homologous factors: 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 hormone-like: 19 · 21 · 23 EGF-like domain TGFα · Epidermal · Heparin-binding EGF-like TGFβ pathway TGFβ 1, 2, 3 Insulin-like 1 · 2 Platelet-derived A · B · C · D Vascular endothelial A · B · C · D · PGF Other Nerve · Hepatocyte see also growth factor receptors v d e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α FSH, LH, TSH, GH, prolactin, POMC ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin Adrenal axis Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA Thyroid axis Thyroid: thyroid hormone T3 and T4 - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH Gonadal axis Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin pregnancy Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin Non-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor IGF-1, IGF-2 Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2 Categories: Genes on chromosome 11 | Human proteins | Peptide hormones | Growth factors | Biochemistry stubs | Cell signaling | Signal transduction Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages עברית This page was last modified on 2 September 2008, at 01:31
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