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14-September-2008 18:02:46 - Interstitial fluid Interstitial fluid or tissue fluid, or intercellular fluid is a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. On average, a person has about 11 litres 2.4 imperial gallons of interstitial fluid providing the cells of the body with nutrients and a means of waste removal. Contents 1 Production and Removal 1.1 Formation of tissue fluid 1.2 Removal of tissue fluid 2 Composition 3 Physiological Function 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Production and Removal Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar. Plasma, the major component in blood, communicates freely with interstitial fluid through pores and intercellular clefts in capillary endothelium. Formation of tissue fluid Hydrostatic pressure is generated by the pumping force of the heart. It pushes water out of the capillaries. The water potential is created due to the inability of large solutes to pass through the capillary walls. This buildup of solutes induces osmosis. The water passes from a high concentration of water outside of the vessels to a low concentration inside of the vessels, in an attempt to reach an equilibrium. The osmotic pressure drives water back into the vessels. Because the blood in the capillaries is constantly flowing, equilibrium is never reached. The balance between the two forces is different at different points in the capillaries. At the arterial end of the vessel, the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure, so the net movement see net flux favors water and other solutes being passed into the tissue fluid. At the venous end, the osmotic pressure is greater, so the net movement favours substances being passed back into the capillary. This difference is created by the direction of the flow of blood and the imbalance in solutes created by the net movement of water favoring the tissue fluid. Removal of tissue fluid To prevent a build-up of tissue fluid surrounding the cells in the tissue, the lymphatic system plays a part in the transport of tissue fluid. Tissue fluid can pass into the surrounding lymph vessels, and eventually ends up rejoining the blood. Sometimes the removal of tissue fluid does not function correctly, and there is a build-up. This causes swelling, and can often be seen around the feet and ankles, for example Elephantiasis. The position of swelling is due to the effects of gravity. Composition Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, as well as waste products from the cells. The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the tissue and the blood. This means that tissue fluid has a different composition in different tissues and in different areas of the body. Not all of the contents of the blood pass into the tissue, which means that tissue fluid and blood are not the same. Red blood cells, platelets and plasma proteins cannot pass through the walls of the capillaries. The resulting mixture that does pass through is essentially blood plasma without the plasma proteins. Tissue fluid also contains some types of white blood cell, which help combat infection. Lymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid. The lymphatic system returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to the circulation. Physiological Function Interstitial fluid bathes the cells of the tissues. This provides a means of delivering materials to the cells, intercellular communication, as well as removal of metabolic waste. See also Lymph Blood plasma Interstitial lung disease References Marieb, Elaine N. 2003. Essentials of Human Anatomy Physiology, Seventh ion, San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-5385-2. External links Interstitial+fluid at eMedicine Dictionary f_10/12369296 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary v d e Lymphatic system - The journey of lymph ... Blood → Interstitial fluid → Lymph → Blood... ...Blood → Interstitial fluid → Lymph → Lymph capillary → Afferent lymph vessel Lymph vessel → Lymph node → Efferent lymph vessel Lymph vessel → Lymph trunk Subclavian lymph trunk Jugular lymph trunk Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk Intestinal lymph trunk → Cisterna chyli Lumbar lymph trunk → Cisterna chyli → Lymph duct Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct left side → Subclavian vein right and left → Blood... Other concepts Lymphangion v d e Histology: connective tissue Classification proper Loose/areolar, Dense, Adipose Brown and White, Reticular embryonic Mucous, Mesenchymal specialized Cartilage, Bone, Blood Fibrous connective tissue Extracellular matrix ground substance Tissue fluid fibers Collagen, Reticular fiber, Elastic fibers Cells resident Fibroblast, Adipocyte, Chondroblast, Osteoblast Wandering cell see also soft tissue v d e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology Filtration Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange Hormones affecting filtration Antidiuretic hormone ADH - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide Secretion/clearance Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications Reabsorption Solvent drag - Na+ - Cl- - urea - glucose - oligopeptides - protein Endocrine Renin - Erythropoietin EPO - Calcitriol Active vitamin D - Prostaglandins Assessing Renal function/ Measures of dialysis Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio Acid base physiology Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas Buffering/compensation Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid Categories: Body fluids | Animal anatomy | Physiology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Česky Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français Lietuvių 日本語 Português Suomi This page was last modified on 3 September 2008, at 19:23
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