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14-September-2008 18:02:37 - Channel Chinese medicine Redirected from Meridian Chinese medicine Jump to: navigation, search All or part of this article may be confusing or unclear. Please help clarify the article. Suggestions may be on the talk page. May 2008 Channel simplified Chinese: ç»?络; traditional Chinese: 經絡; pinyin: jÄ«ngluò, also known as meridian, in traditional Chinese medicine, is the common name of vessel simplified Chinese: ç»?脉; traditional Chinese: 經脈; pinyin: jÄ«ngmà i, also known as channel and collaterals simplified Chinese: 络脉; traditional Chinese: 絡脈; pinyin: luòmà i. It is the path of running qi simplified Chinese: æ°”; traditional Chinese: æ°£; pinyin: qì and blood Chinese: è¡€; pinyin: xuè, connection zang-fu viscera simplified Chinese: è„?è…‘; traditional Chinese: 臟腑; pinyin: zà ngfÇ”, communication inside and outside, and run through top and bottom. Note: In Japan, meridian is known as keiraku. In Korea, meridian is known as kyungrak. It is from the techniques and doctrines of Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM, including acupuncture, acupressure, and qigong. According to these practices, the body's vital energy, qi, circulates through the body along specific interconnected channels called meridians. There is no physically verifiable anatomical or histological proof of their existence. Research is purported to show how transmission of information experienced as qi could be possible through the subcutaneous fascia.1not in citation given Contents 1 Background 2 Criticism of TCM meridian theory 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External links Background In TCM, patterns of disharmony ie, bad health and emotional disorders in the body are thought to be caused by disruptions of the body's energy flow along a series of acu-tracts. To correct those disruptions, specific points 腧穴 on the meridians called acupoints ç©´ä½? are stimulated via needles, burning incense cones moxa, applying pressure or other means. There are about 400 acupuncture points and 20 meridians connecting most of the points, however by the 2nd Century CE, 649 were recognised in China.23 Such 20 meridians are usually called the twelve regular channels simplified Chinese: å??二ç»?脉; traditional Chinese: å??二經脈; pinyin: shÃèr jÄ«ngmà i or twelve regular meridians simplified Chinese: å??二æ£ç»?; traditional Chinese: å??二æ£ç¶“; pinyin: shÃèr zhèngjÄ«ng, with each meridian corresponding to each organ; nourishing it and extending to an extremity. There are also Eight Extraordinary Channels or Eight Extraordinary Meridians simplified Chinese: 奇ç»?八脉; traditional Chinese: 奇經八脈; pinyin: qÃjÄ«ng bÄ?mà i, two of which have their own sets of points, and the remaining ones connecting points on other channels. The twelve standard meridians go along the arms and the legs. They are: Lung, Large Intestine, Stomach, Spleen, Heart, Small Intestine, Urinary Bladder, Kidney, Pericardium, Triple Warmer aka Triple Heater, Gall Bladder, and Liver. These terms refer to biological functions and not the structural organ, which is why there are some on the list with no corresponding anatomical structure. Meridians are divided into Yin and Yang groups. The Yin meridians of the arm are: Lung, Heart, and Pericardium. The Yang meridians of the arm are: Large Intestine, Small Intestine, and Triple Warmer. The Yin Meridians of the leg are Spleen, Kidney, and Liver. The Yang meridians of the leg are Stomach, Bladder, and Gall Bladder. 4 The table below gives a more systematic list of the meridians:56 Meridian name Chinese Yin / Yang Hand / Foot 5 elements Organ Taiyin Lung Channel of Hand 手太阴肺ç»? or Taiyin Lung Meridian of Hand Taiyin greater yin Hand 手 Metal 金 Lung 肺 Shaoyin Heart Channel of Hand 手少阴心ç»? or Shaoyin Heart Meridian of Hand Shaoyin lesser yin Hand 手 Fire ç?« Heart 心 Jueyin Pericardium Channel of Hand 手厥阴心包ç»? or Jueyin Pericardium Meridian of Hand Jueyin absolute yin Hand 手 Fire ç?« Pericardium 心包 Shaoyang Sanjiao Channel of Hand 手少阳三焦ç»? or Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian of Hand Shaoyang lesser yang Hand 手 Fire ç?« Triple Heater 三焦 Taiyang Small Intestine Channel of Hand 手太阳å°?è‚ ç»? or Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian of Hand Taiyang greater yang Hand 手 Fire ç?« Small Intestine å°?è‚ Yangming Large Intestine Channel of Hand æ‰‹é˜³æ˜Žå¤§è‚ ç»? or Yangming Large Intestine Meridian of Hand Yangming yang brightness Hand 手 Metal 金 Large Intestine 大腸 Taiyin Spleen Channel of Foot 足太阴脾ç»? or Taiyin Spleen Meridian of Foot Taiyin greater yin Foot 足 Earth 土 Spleen 脾 Shaoyin Kidney Channel of Foot 足少阴肾ç»? or Shaoyin Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin lesser yin Foot 足 Water æ°´ Kidney è…Ž Jueyin Liver Channel of Foot 足厥阴è‚?ç»? or Jueyin Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin absolute yin Foot 足 Wood 木 Liver è‚? Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel of Foot 足少阳胆ç»? or Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang lesser yang Foot 足 Wood 木 Gall Bladder 膽 Taiyang Bladder Channel of Foot 足太阳膀胱ç»? or Taiyang Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang greater yang Foot 足 Water æ°´ Urinary bladder 膀胱 Yangming Stomach Channel of Foot 足阳明胃ç»? or Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming yang brightness Foot 足 Earth 土 Stomach 胃 Authors Hernan Garcia and Sierra Antonio argue that the Chinese meridians have their counterpart in the Mayan acupuncture techniques practiced in the Yucatan. They say that the analogous concept is that of wind channels, and that most of the key points in Mayan acupuncture correspond with key acupuncture points in the Chinese meridian model.7 Author Alberto Villoldo indicates that these Chinese meridians coincided exactly with the flux lines or cekes which are known to Inca medicine people as rios de luz, rivers of light that flow within the luminous body. The kawak, the seers, can see the rivers of light or cekes along the surface of the skin. And Shamans throughout the Americas rely on their ability to massage the points where it was blocked so that the light could flow freely again. 8 Criticism of TCM meridian theory See also: Acupuncture: Criticism of TCM theory In 1694, during the quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns, after having seen some meridian diagrams from the Lèi JÄ«ng and misinterpreting them as anatomical drawings, British Scholar William Wotton wrote this famous criticism of TCM9: It would be tedious to dwell any longer upon such Notions as these, which every page of Cleyer's book is full of. The Anatomical Figures annexed to the Tracts, which also were sent out of China, are so very whimsical, that a Man would almost believe the whole to be a Banter, if these Theories were not agreeable to the occasional hints that may be found in the Travels of the Missionaries. This, however, does no prejudice to their Medicinal Simples, which may, perhaps, be very admirable, and which a long Experience may have taught the Chineses to apply with great success; and it is possible that they may sometimes give not unhappy Guesses in ordinary Cases, by feeling their Patients Pulses: Still, this is little to Physic, as an Art; and however, the Chineses may be allowed to be excellent Empiricks, as many of the West-Indian Salvages Savages are, yet it cannot be believed that they can be tolerable Philosophers; which, in an Enquiry into the Learning of any Nation, is the first Question that is to be considered. Skeptics of Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM often characterize the system as pseudoscientific. Proponents reply that TCM is a prescientific system that continues to have practical relevance. Others will say that this is a simple communication mismatch between the reductionist Western medical system focused on form, and the holistic Eastern system focused on function, and that they are both valid ways to approach development of knowledge. See also Terms and concepts in alternative medicine Marmam Pressure points References ^ Energy Medicine: The Scientific Basis by James L. Oschman, PhD, Churchill Livingston, 2000 ^ Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature, World Health Organization ^ Needham, Joseph; Lu Gwei-Djen 1980. Celestial Lancets. Cambridge University Press, p.100. ISBN 0-521-21513-7. ^ Dillman, George and Chris, Thomas. Advanced Pressute Point Fighting of Ryukyu Kempo. A Dillman Karate International Book, 1994. ISBN 0-9631996-3-3 ^ Peter Deadman and Mazin Al-Khafaji with Kevin Baker. A Manuel of Acupuncture Journal of Chinese Mediceine, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9510546-5-9 ^ ä¸åŒ»è?¯å¦å??è¯?审定委员会. ä¸åŒ»è?¯å¦å??è¯?, 北京:科å¦å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾, 2005. ISBN 7030151542 ^ Garcia, Hernan and Antonio, Sierra. Wind in the Blood - Mayan Healing Chinese Medicine. Redwing Books, 1999. ISBN 1-56643-304-2 ^ Alberto Villoldo. Shaman, Healer, Sage Hamony Books, 2000. ISBN 0-609-60544-5 ^ Needham, Joseph; Lu Gwei-Djen 1980. Celestial Lancets. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Press, pp. 281-282. ISBN 0-521-21513-7. Bibliography Lo S.Y. 2002 Meridians in acupuncture and infrared imaging. Medical Hypotheses 581:72-76. J. Kwon et al., Scanning probe microscopy study of microcells from the organ surface Bonghan corpuscle, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, article number 173903, 2007. Note: This 2007 paper has quite some references related to Bonghan Kim's theory on meridians. External links Meridian Pathways Images showing the pathways of the 12 main meridians plus the Ren and Du Meridians The Mechanism of Acupuncture A meridian chart Meridians, Acupuncture Points and Martial Arts Instructions Pressure Point Charts Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Channel_Chinese_medicine Categories: Traditional Chinese medicineHidden categories: articles needing clarification | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since May 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Nederlands 日本語 Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 03:27
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