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14-September-2008 18:02:48 - Nerve growth factor Nerve growth factor, beta polypeptide PDB rendering based on 1bet. Available structures: 1bet, 1btg, 1sg1, 1www, 2ifg Identifiers Symbols NGFB; Beta-NGF; HSAN5; MGC161426; MGC161428; NGF External IDs OMIM: 162030 MGI: 97321 HomoloGene: 1876 Gene ontology Molecular function: receptor signaling protein activity growth factor activity Biological process: cell-cell signaling multicellular organismal development peripheral nervous system development sensory perception of pain regulation of neuron differentiation RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Orthologs Human Mouse Entrez 4803 18049 Ensembl ENSG00000134259 ENSMUSG00000027859 Uniprot P01138 Q6LDU8 Refseq NM_002506 mRNA NP_002497 protein NM_013609 mRNA NP_038637 protein Location Chr 1: 115.63 - 115.68 Mb Chr 3: 102.6 - 102.65 Mb Pubmed search 1 2 Nerve growth factor NGF, is a small secreted protein which induces the differentiation and survival of particular target neurons nerve cells. It is perhaps the prototypical growth factor, in that it is one of the first to be described - that work by Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen was rewarded with a Nobel Prize. While nerve growth factor refers to a single factor,1 nerve growth factors refers to a family of factors also known as neurotrophins.2 Contents 1 Function 2 Receptor binding mechanism 3 History 4 Cultural significance 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Function NGF is critical for the survival and maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons. NGF is released from the target cells, binds to and activates its high affinity receptor TrkA, and is internalized into the responsive neuron. There are some data that show that NGF can be transported from the axon tip to soma, but it is unclear if this is necessary for effective cell signalling; in fact there are data showing that it is not. What is clear is that NGF binding and activation of TrkA is required for NGF-mediated neuronal survival and differentiation. Receptor binding mechanism Main article: Nerve growth factor receptor NGF binds at least two receptors on the surface of cells which are capable of responding to this growth factor, TrkA pronounced Track A and the LNGFR for low affinity nerve growth factor receptor. History Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of NGF and other growth factors.345 Cultural significance In 2005, Italian scientists at University of Pavia found that a protein molecule known as the nerve growth factor NGF has high levels when people first fall in love, but these levels return to as they were after one year. Specifically, four neurotrophin levels, i.e. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4, of 58 subjects who had recently fallen in love were compared with levels in a control group who were either single or already engaged in a long-term relationship. The results showed that NGF levels were significantly higher in the subjects in love than as compared to either of the control groups.678 It has also been tied to Alzheimer's disease.91011 See also Protein targeting Nervous System VGF Nerve Growth Factor-inducible, a protein which expression is induced by NGF. References ^ MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factor ^ MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factors ^ The 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries of growth factors ^ Presentation Speech by Professor Kerstin Hall The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 ^ Rita Levi-Montalcini - Nobel Lecture ^ Emanuele E, Politi P, Bianchi M, Minoretti P, Bertona M, Geroldi D 2006. Raised plasma nerve growth factor levels associated with early-stage romantic love. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31 3: 288-94. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.09.002. PMID 16289361. link ^ NGF gives passionate lovers just one year, Reuters, November 29, 2005. ^ John Harris Is love just a chemical?, Guardian, November 29, 2005. ^ Counts S, Mufson E 2005. The role of nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration in prodromal Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64 4: 263-72. PMID 15835262. ^ Hempstead B 2006. Dissecting the diverse actions of pro- and mature neurotrophins. Curr Alzheimer Res 3 1: 19-24. doi:10.2174/156720506775697061. PMID 16472198. ^ Allen S, Dawbarn D 2006. Clinical relevance of the neurotrophins and their receptors. Clin Sci Lond 110 2: 175-91. PMID 16411894. External links MeSH Nerve+Growth+Factor , NGF for corneal therapeutic purposes, v d e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α FSH, LH, TSH, GH, prolactin, POMC ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin Adrenal axis Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA Thyroid axis Thyroid: thyroid hormone T3 and T4 - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH Gonadal axis Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin pregnancy Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin Non-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor IGF-1, IGF-2 Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3 v d e Cell signaling: nervous tissue: neurotrophin Trk binding NGF - BDNF - NT-3 - NT-4 GFL GDNF - Neurturin - Artemin - Persephin Other CNTF - GMF - Neuregulin Neuregulin 1 - PACAP v d e Growth factors Fibroblast FGF receptor ligands: 1 acidic/2 basic/5 · 3/4/6 · 7/10/22 · 8/17/18 · 9/16/20 FGF homologous factors: 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 hormone-like: 19 · 21 · 23 EGF-like domain TGFα · Epidermal · Heparin-binding EGF-like TGFβ pathway TGFβ 1, 2, 3 Insulin-like 1 · 2 Platelet-derived A · B · C · D Vascular endothelial A · B · C · D · PGF Other Nerve · Hepatocyte see also growth factor receptors Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor Categories: Genes on chromosome 1 | Human proteins | Cell signaling | Signal transduction | Neurotrophins | Peptide hormones | Growth factors | Developmental neuroscience Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Italiano Nederlands Suomi This page was last modified on 2 September 2008, at 02:09
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