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14-September-2008 18:02:40 - Oxidoreductase In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule the reductant, also called the hydrogen or electron donor to another the oxidant, also called the hydrogen or electron acceptor. Contents 1 Reactions 2 Nomenclature 3 Classification 4 See also 5 External links Reactions For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase: A- + B → A + B- In this example, A is the reductant electron donor and B is the oxidant electron acceptor. In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis: Pi + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate In this reaction, NAD+ is the oxidant electron acceptor, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is the reductant electron donor. Nomenclature Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as donor:acceptor oxidoreductase; however, other names are much more common. The common name is donor dehydrogenase when possible, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above. Common names are also sometimes formed as acceptor reductase, such as NAD+ reductase. Donor oxidase is a special case where O2 is the acceptor. Classification Oxidoreductases are classified as EC 1 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses: EC 1.1 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-OH group of donors alcohol oxidoreductases EC 1.2 includes oxidoreductases that act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors EC 1.3 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-CH group of donors CH-CH oxidoreductases EC 1.4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH-NH2 group of donors Amino acid oxidoreductases, Monoamine oxidase EC 1.5 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH-NH group of donors EC 1.6 includes oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH EC 1.7 includes oxidoreductases that act on other nitrogenous compounds as donors EC 1.8 includes oxidoreductases that act on a sulfur group of donors EC 1.9 includes oxidoreductases that act on a heme group of donors EC 1.10 includes oxidoreductases that act on diphenols and related substances as donors EC 1.11 includes oxidoreductases that act on peroxide as an acceptor peroxidases EC 1.12 includes oxidoreductases that act on hydrogen as donors EC 1.13 includes oxidoreductases that act on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen oxygenases EC 1.14 includes oxidoreductases that act on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen EC 1.15 includes oxidoreductases that act on superoxide radicals as acceptors EC 1.16 includes oxidoreductases that oxidize metal ions EC 1.17 includes oxidoreductases that act on CH or CH2 groups EC 1.18 includes oxidoreductases that act on iron-sulfur proteins as donors EC 1.19 includes oxidoreductases that act on reduced flavodoxin as a donor EC 1.20 includes oxidoreductases that act on phosphorus or arsenic in donors EC 1.21 includes oxidoreductases that act on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond EC 1.97 includes other oxidoreductases See also List of enzymes hydroxylase External links EC 1 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London v d e Proteins: enzymes Topics Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes Types EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list v d e Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases EC 1.1 1.1.1 NAD/NADP acceptor Carbohydrate dehydrogenases - Alcohol dehydrogenase - Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - L-xylulose reductase - Aldose reductase - Lactate dehydrogenase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Malate dehydrogenase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase - HMG-CoA reductase - Î’-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 11 Beta HSD11B1, HSD11B2 - 3 Beta 3-beta-HSD - 17 Beta - Carnitine dehydrogenase - Beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase - IMP dehydrogenase - DXP reductoisomerase - L-threonine dehydrogenase 1.1.2 cytochrome acceptor Mannitol dehydrogenase cytochrome - D-lactate dehydrogenase cytochrome - D-lactate dehydrogenase cytochrome c-553 1.1.3 oxygen acceptor Glucose oxidase - L-gulonolactone oxidase - Xanthine oxidase 1.1.4 disulfide as acceptor Vitamin K epoxide reductase - Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase warfarin-insensitive 1.1.5 quinone/similar acceptor Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase 1.1.99 other acceptors Choline dehydrogenase v d e Aldehyde/oxo oxidoreductases EC 1.2 1.2.1 - NAD or NADP acceptor Aldehyde dehydrogenase: Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 - Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.4 - disulfide acceptor Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex v d e Oxidoreductases: CH-CH oxidoreductases EC 1.3 1.3.1. NAD/NADP acceptor Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase - 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase - Biliverdin reductase - 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase 1.3.3. Oxygen acceptor Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase - Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase - Protoporphyrinogen oxidase - 1.3.5. Quinone Succinate dehydrogenase 1.3.99. Other acceptors Fumarate reductase - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase ACADSB - 5-alpha reductase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase v d e CH-NH2 oxidoreductases EC 1.4 - primarily amino acid oxidoreductases 1.4.1 - NAD/NADP acceptor Glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1 1.4.3 - oxygen acceptor D-amino acid oxidase - Amine oxidase - Lysyl oxidase - Monoamine oxidase 1.4.4 - disulfide acceptor Glycine decarboxylase complex 1.4.99 - other acceptors D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Amine dehydrogenase v d e CH-NH oxidoreductases EC 1.5 1.5.1 - NAD or NADP acceptor Dihydrofolate reductase - Saccharopine dehydrogenase - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1.5.3 - oxygen acceptor Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase - Sarcosine oxidase - Proline oxidase 1.5.5 - quinone acceptor Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase v d e NADH or NADPH oxidoreductases EC 1.6 Methemoglobin reductase - NADPH oxidase P91-PHOX - NADH dehydrogenase v d e Oxidoreductases: nitrogenous donor EC 1.7 GMP reductase - Urate oxidase v d e Oxidoreductases: sulfur oxidoreductases EC 1.8 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase - Glutathione reductase - Thioredoxin reductase - Sulfite oxidase v d e Diphenol family oxidoreductases EC 1.10 Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase - Catechol oxidase - Laccase - Alternative oxidase v d e Oxidoreductases: peroxidases EC 1.11 Catalase - Cytochrome c peroxidase - Eosinophil peroxidase - Glutathione peroxidase - Horseradish peroxidase - Lactoperoxidase - Myeloperoxidase - Thyroid peroxidase - Deiodinase Tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinase v d e Oxidoreductases: monooxygenases EC 1.13 1.13.11 - two atoms of oxygen Catechol dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Cysteine dioxygenase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - Lipoxygenase 5 1.13.12 - one atom of oxygen Firefly luciferase 1.13.99 - other Inositol oxygenase v d e Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases EC 1.14 1.14.11 - 2-oxoglutarate Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase 1.14.13 - NADH or NADPH Flavin-containing monooxygenase - Nitric oxide synthase NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3 - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase - Methane monooxygenase - 3A4 -51A1 1.14.14 - reduced flavin or flavoprotein 19A1 - 2D6 - 2E1 1.14.15 - reduced iron-sulfur protein 11B1 - 11B2 - 11A1 1.14.16 - reduced pteridine Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine hydroxylase - Tryptophan hydroxylase 1.14.17 - reduced ascorbate Dopamine beta hydroxylase 1.14.18-19 - other Tyrosinase - Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 1.14.99 - miscellaneous Cyclooxygenase - Heme oxygenase HMOX1 - Squalene monooxygenase - 17A1 - 21A2 v d e Other oxidoreductases EC 1.15-1.18 1.15 - Acting on superoxide as acceptor Superoxide dismutase 1.16 - Oxidizing metal ions Ceruloplasmin 1.17 - Acting on CH or CH2 groups Xanthine oxidase - Ribonucleotide reductase - 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase 1.18 - Acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors Nitrogenase Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Oxidoreductase Categories: Oxidoreductases Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Deutsch Español Français Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 21 August 2008, at 14:29
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