Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
14-September-2008 18:02:48 - Premature ovarian failure Premature ovarian failure Classification and external resources ICD-10 E28.3 ICD-9 256.31 DiseasesDB 9441 eMedicine med/1700 MeSH D016649 Premature Ovarian Failure POF, also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is the loss of function of the ovaries before age 40.1 A commonly cited triad for the diagnosis is amenorrhea, hypergonadotropinism, and hypoestrogenism. Contents 1 Incidence/prevalence 2 Presentation 3 Causes 4 Laboratory 5 Fertility 6 Hormonal Replacement 7 Related Conditions 8 References 9 External links Incidence/prevalence It has been estimated that POF affects 1% of the population.2 It affects approximately 1-4% of the female population in the U.S., which is about 150,000.citation needed Presentation Normally, ovaries supply women with eggs until about age 51, the average age of natural menopause. POF is not the same as a natural menopause, in that the dysfunction of the ovaries, loss of eggs, or removal of the ovaries at a young age is not a natural physiological occurrence. Infertility is the result of this condition, and is the most discussed problem resulting from it, but there are additional health implications of the problem, and studies are ongoing. For example, osteoporosis or decreased bone density affects almost all women with POF due to an insufficiency of estrogen. There is also an increased risk of heart disease, hypothyroidism in the form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's disease, and other auto-immune disorders. Hormonally, POF is defined by abnormally low levels of estrogen and high levels of FSH, which demonstrate that the ovaries are no longer responding to circulating FSH by producing estrogen and developing fertile eggs. The ovaries will likely appear shriveled. Age of onset can be as early as the teenage years but varies widely. If a girl never begins menstruation, it is called primary ovarian failure. The age of 40 was chosen as the cut-off point for a diagnosis of POF. This age was chosen somewhat arbitrarily, as all women's ovaries decline in function over time, however an age needed to be chosen to distinguish usual menopause from the abnormal state of premature menopause. Premature ovarian failure however often has components to it that distinguish it from normal menopause. By the age of 40, approximately one percent of women have POF.3 Women suffering from POF usually experience menopausal symptoms, which are generally more severe than the symptoms found in older menopausal women. Causes The cause of POF is usually idiopathic. Some cases of POF are attributed to autoimmune disorders, others to genetic disorders such as Turner syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. In many cases, the cause cannot be determined. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments for cancer can sometimes cause ovarian failure. In natural menopause, the ovaries usually continue to produce low levels of hormones, but in chemotherapy or radiation-induced POF, the ovaries will often cease all functioning and hormone levels will be similar to those of a woman whose ovaries have been removed. Women who have had their tubes tied, or who have had hysterectomies, tend to go through menopause several years earlier than average, likely due to decreased blood flow to the ovaries. Family history and ovarian or other pelvic surgery earlier in life are also implicated as risk factors for POF. The POF Fact Sheet lists potential causes of POF: English: http://www.pofsupport.org/information/factsheet/fact_sheet_english.pdf Laboratory Serum follicle-stimulating hormone FSH measurement along can be used to diagnose the disease. Two FSH measurements with one-month interval have been a common practice. The anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH at high levels due to the dysfunction of the ovaries and consequent low estrogen levels. Typical FSH in POF patients is over 40 mlU/ml post-menopausal range. Fertility Between 5 and 10 percent of women with POF may spontaneously become pregnant. Currently no fertility treatment has been found to effectively increase fertility in women with POF, and the use of donor eggs with In-Vitro Fertilization IVF and adoption have become more popular as a means of becoming parents for women with POF. Some women with POF choose to live child-free. Hormonal Replacement It is important to initiate the hormonal replacement therapy after the diagnosis of POF, as untreated patients are at a great risk of bone loss due to increased osteoclast activities, resulting in osteopenia as well as osteoparosis.4 Furthermore, most of the patients develop symptoms of estrogen deficiency, including vasomotor flushes and vaginal dryness, both of which respond to estrogen therapy effectively. There are several contraindications of estrogen supplement, including smokers over 35 years of age, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or history of thromboemboli events. If the patient has strong family history of thromboemboli events, care must be taken to proceed with the hormonal replacement therapy. As the minimum, testing for Factor V Leiden, Protein C, and Protein S should be performed to ensure the low risk of developing thromboemboli events while on the estrogen replacement. The transdermal estradiol patch typically 100 mcg is commonly recommended because of several advantages. It provides the replacement by steady infusion rather than by bolus when taking daily pills. It also avoids the first-pass effect in the liver.5 Related Conditions Impaired Ovarian Reserve References ^ Medical Terminology Glossary. Retrieved on 2008-01-27. ^ Chatterjee S, Modi D, Maitra A, et al 2007. Screening for FOXL2 gene mutations in women with premature ovarian failure: an Indian experience. Reprod. Biomed. Online 15 5: 554-60. PMID 18028747. ^ Beck-Peccoz P, Persani L 2006. Premature ovarian failure. Orphanet J Rare Dis 1: 9. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-9. PMID 16722528. ^ Anasti JN, Kalantaridou SN, Kimzey LM, Defensor RA, Nelson LM 1998. Bone loss in young women with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol 91 1: 12-5. PMID 9464713. ^ Kalantaridou SN, Nelson LM 2000. Premature ovarian failure is not premature menopause. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 900: 393-402. PMID 10818427. External links International Premature Ovarian Failure Association National Institutes of Health publication No. 03-5159, Do I have Premature Ovarian Failure? National Institutes of Health's Premature Ovarian Failure website What's The Best Approach To Spontaneous Premature Ovarian Failure?, by Dr. Lawrence Nelson, Principal Investigator at NIH for POF research studies/clinical trials. NIH News Release about a related, potentially fatal adrenal condition. v d e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases E00-35, 240-259 Pancreas/ glucose metabolism Diabetes mellitus types: type 1, type 2, MODY, complications: coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome - Insulin resistance Hypothalamic/ pituitary axes Pituitary Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH Hypopituitarism Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Pituitary apoplexy - ACTH deficiency Thyroid Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema Hyperthyroidism Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii Thyroiditis De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis Euthyroid sick syndrome - Thyroid hormone resistance - Thyroid nodule Parathyroid Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism - Hyperparathyroidism Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Adrenal Adrenocortical hyperfunction: Cushing's syndrome Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome - Hyperaldosteronism Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome CAH Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α Adrenal insufficiency Addison's disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome - Hypoaldosteronism Gonads ovarian Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure testicular 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency general Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty Other Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism - Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, 2 - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome - thymus Abscess of thymus, Thymus hyperplasia see also congenital, neoplasia Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Premature_ovarian_failure Categories: Menopause | Fertility | Gynecology | Menstruation | EndocrinologyHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since January 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 25 July 2008, at 10
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.