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14-September-2008 18:02:48 - Secretin Secretin Identifiers Symbol SCT Entrez 6343 HUGO 10607 OMIM 182099 RefSeq NM_021920 UniProt P09683 Other data Locus Chr. 11 p15.5 Secretin is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn. Its primary effect is to regulate the pH of the duodenal contents via the control of gastric acid secretion and buffering with bicarbonate. It was the first hormone to be discovered see below. Contents 1 Stimulus 2 Function 3 Structure 4 History 5 References 6 See also 7 External links Stimulus Secretin is secreted in response to low duodenal pH due to chyme, which contains hydrochloric acid, entering from the stomach. It is the active form of prosecretin. Function Secretin stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate base bile from the liver, watery bicarbonate solution from pancreatic duct epithelium, and duodenal Brunner's glands in order to buffer the incoming protons of the acidic chyme1. It also enhances the effects of cholecystokinin. It is known to promote the normal growth and maintenance of the pancreas. It counteracts blood glucose concentration spikes by triggering increased insulin release, following oral glucose intake.2 It also reduces acid secretion from the stomach by inhibiting gastrin release from G cells. This helps neutralize the pH of the digestive products entering the duodenum from the stomach, as digestive enzymes from the pancreas eg, pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase function optimally at neutral pH. Structure Secretin is a peptide hormone, composed of 27 amino acids, of which 14 amino acids are homologous to the sequence of glucagon. History In 1902, William Bayliss and Ernest Starling were studying how the nervous system controls the process of digestion. It was known that the pancreas secreted digestive juices in response to the passage of food into the duodenum. They discovered by cutting all the nerves to the pancreas in their experimental animals that this process was not, in fact, governed by the nervous system. They determined that a substance secreted by the intestinal lining stimulates the pancreas after being transported via the bloodstream. They named this intestinal secretion secretin. Secretin was the first such chemical messenger identified. This type of substance is now called a hormone, a term coined by Bayliss in 1905. References December 2007 ^ Guyton, Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology 11edt. Elsevier, 2006. pp 800-801 ^ Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ, Young JD, Lazarus L 1970. The gastrointestinal stimulus to insulin release. II. A dual action of secretin. J. Clin. Invest. 49 3: 524-9. doi:10.1172/JCI106262. PMID 5415678. Free Full Text See also Secretin receptor External links Overview at colostate.edu MeSH Secretin Physiology at MCG 6/6ch2/s6ch2_17 v d e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones Hypothalamic-pituitary Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α FSH, LH, TSH, GH, prolactin, POMC ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin Adrenal axis Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA Thyroid axis Thyroid: thyroid hormone T3 and T4 - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH Gonadal axis Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin pregnancy Other end. glands Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin Non-end. glands Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor IGF-1, IGF-2 Target-derived NGF, BDNF, NT-3 v d e Digestive system, physiology: gastrointestinal physiology Enteric nervous system Meissner's plexus - Auerbach's plexus Exocrine Chief cells Pepsinogen - Parietal cells Gastric acid, Intrinsic factor - Goblet cells Mucus Endocrine/paracrine G cells gastrin, D cells somatostatin - ECL cells Histamine - enterogastrone: I cells CCK, K cells GIP, S cells secretin, Enteroendocrine cells Border Brunner's glands - Paneth cells - Enterocytes Fluids Saliva - Bile - Intestinal juice - Gastric juice - Pancreatic juice Processes Swallowing - Vomiting - Peristalsis Interstitial cell of Cajal - Migrating motor complex - Borborygmus - Gastrocolic reflex - Segmentation contractions - Defecation - Enterohepatic circulation v d e Peptides: neuropeptides Hypothalamic Somatostatin - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - Orexins - TRH - POMC ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin Gastrointestinal hormones Cholecystokinin - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide - Gastrin - Motilin - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide Other hormones Vasopressin - Calcitonin - Other Angiotensin - Bombesin/Neuromedin B - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastrin releasing peptide - Kinins Bradykinin, Tachykinins - Neuromedin B, N, U - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide v d e Hormones: gastrointestinal hormones CCK - EGF - GIP - Gastrin releasing peptide - Gastrins - Proglucagon - Motilin - Peptide YY -Prokineticin - Secretin - VIP Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Secretin Categories: Genes on chromosome 11 | Peptide hormones | Intestinal hormones | Digestive systemHidden categories: Protein pages needing a picture | Articles needing additional references from December 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Español Français עברית Nederlands 日本語 Polski СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi This page was last modified on 21 August 2008, at 12:09
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