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14-September-2008 18:02:48 - Thyroiditis The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple Medline Plus, 2008. The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple Medline Plus, 2008. Thyroiditis Classification and external resources ICD-10 E06. ICD-9 245 DiseasesDB 13095 eMedicine ped/2248 MeSH D013966 Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck below the laryngeal prominence, and makes hormones that control metabolism. There are many different types of thyroiditis, with the most common being Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Other forms of the disease are postpartum thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, drug-induced thyroiditis, radiation-induced thyroiditis, and acute thyroiditis American Thyroid Association, 2008. Each different type of this disease has its own causes, clinical features, diagnoses, durations, resolutions, conditions and risks. Contents 1 Symptoms 2 Causes 3 Diagnosis 4 Conditions 5 Treatment 6 Hashimoto's Thyroiditis 7 See also 8 References Symptoms There are many different symptoms for thyroiditis, none of which are exclusively limited to this disease. Many of the signs imitate symptoms of other diseases, so thyroiditis can sometimes be difficult to diagnose. Common symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, depression and constipation. Other, rarer symptoms include swelling of the legs, vague aches and pains, decreased concentration and so on. When conditions become more severe, depending on the type of thyroiditis, one may start to see puffiness around the eyes, slowing of the heart rate, a drop in body temperature, or even future heart failure American Academy of Family Physicians, 2008. Causes Thyroiditis is generally caused by an attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This disease is often considered a malfunction of the immune system. Antibodies that attack the thyroid are what cause most types of thyroiditis. It can also be caused by an infection, like a virus or bacteria, which works in the same way as antibodies to cause inflammation in the glands DeGroot, Nobuyuki, Takashi, 2008. Certain people make thyroid antibodies, and thyroiditis can be considered an autoimmune disease, because the body acts as if the thyroid gland is foreign tissue Mather, 2007. Some drugs, such as interferon and amiodarone, can also cause thyroiditis because they have a tendency to damage thyroid cells. Diagnosis Above shows two parts of the thyroid that could potentially be affected if diagnosed with thyroiditis Wikimedia Commons, 2008. Above shows two parts of the thyroid that could potentially be affected if diagnosed with thyroiditis Wikimedia Commons, 2008. The most common and helpful way to diagnose thyroiditis is first for a physician to palpate the thyroid gland during a physical examination. Laboratory tests allow doctors to evaluate the patient for elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, elevated thyroglobulin levels, and depressed radioactive iodine intake Mather, 2007. Blood tests also help to determine the kind of thyroiditis and to see how much thyroid stimulating hormone the pituitary gland is producing and what antibodies are present in the body. Iodine testing might also be done to measure the thyroid's ability to take up iodine Shipman, Slatosky, Wahba, 2000. In some cases a biopsy may be needed to find out what is attacking the thyroid. Conditions Most types of thyroiditis are three to five times more likely to be found in women than in men. The average age of onset is between thirty to fifty years of age. This disease tends to be geographical and seasonal, and is most common in summer and fall American Academy of Family Physicians, 2008. Treatment Treatments for this disease depend on the type of thyroiditis that is diagnosed. For the most common type, which is known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the treatment is to immediately start hormone replacement. This prevents or corrects the hypothyroidism, and it also generally keeps the gland from getting bigger Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, 2003. Often, victims of this disease only need bed rest and aspirin; however, some need steroids to reduce inflammation and to control palpitations. Depending on the type of thyroiditis, doctors may prescribe drugs called beta blockers to lower the heart rate and reduce tremors Health Encyclopedia Diseases, 2008. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis was first discovered by Japanese physician Hashimoto in 1912. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis, and patients with this disease often complain about difficulty swallowing. This condition may be so mild at first that the disease goes unnoticed for years. The first symptom that shows signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a goiter on the front of the neck Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, 2008. Depending on the severity of the disease and how much it has progressed, doctors then decide what steps are taken for treatment. See also Hypothyroidism Hashitoxicosis Hyperthyroidism Hashimoto's Disease Thyroid Cancer References Thyroiditis. www.thyroid.org. 2005. American Thyroid Association. 13 Mar. 2008 http://www.thyroid.org/patients/brochures/Thyroiditis.pdf. Image: Thyroid. 2006. Wikimedia Commons. Medline Plus. 29 Mar. 2008 http://commons.wikimedia.org. Thyroiditis. Familydoctor.Org. 2007. American Academy of Family Physicians. 9 Mar. 2008 http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common /hormone /913.html. De Groot, Leslie J., Nobuyuki Amino, and Akamizu Takashi. Hashimoto's Thryoiditis. 30 Jan. 2007. Takashi Akamizu. 3 Mar. 2008 www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter8/chapter8.html. Mather, M.d., Ruchi. Hashimoto's Thryoiditis. Medicine.Net. 8 Sept. 2007. 9 Mar. 2008 http://www.medicinenet.com/hashimotos_thyroiditis/article.htm. Slatosky, D.o; John, Benjamin Shipman; Haney Wahba, D.o, Thyroiditis: Differential Diagnosis and Management Image:Illu Thyroid Parathyroid. 2005. Wikimedia Commons. Seer's Training. 29 Mar. 2008 http://commons.wikimedia.org. Hashimoto's Thryoiditis. ECureMe.Com. 2003. 15 Mar. 2008 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ecureme.com. Hashimotos Disease. Health Encyclopedia Diseases and ConditioNS. 2008. USA Today. 9 Mar. 2008 http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/277/main.html. Haggstrom, Mikael. Image: Superior Thyroid. 2007. Wikimedia Commons. 29 Mar. 2008 http://commons.wikimedia.org. v d e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases E00-35, 240-259 Pancreas/ glucose metabolism Diabetes mellitus types: type 1, type 2, MODY, complications: coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome - Insulin resistance Hypothalamic/ pituitary axes Pituitary Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH Hypopituitarism Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Pituitary apoplexy - ACTH deficiency Thyroid Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema Hyperthyroidism Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii Thyroiditis De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis Euthyroid sick syndrome - Thyroid hormone resistance - Thyroid nodule Parathyroid Hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism - Hyperparathyroidism Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Adrenal Adrenocortical hyperfunction: Cushing's syndrome Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome - Hyperaldosteronism Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome CAH Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α Adrenal insufficiency Addison's disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome - Hypoaldosteronism Gonads ovarian Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure testicular 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency general Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty Other Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism - Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, 2 - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome - thymus Abscess of thymus, Thymus hyperplasia see also congenital, neoplasia Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Thyroiditis Categories: Diseases Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français Italiano Polski Svenska SlovenÄ?ina This page was last modified on 2 September 2008, at 05:04
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