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22-AUGUST-2008 06:13:22 - Blood plasma Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. It is composed of mostly water 90% by volume, and contains dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones, and carbon dioxide plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation. Blood plasma is prepared simply by spinning a tube of fresh blood in a centrifuge until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. Blood serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors.1 Plasmapheresis is a type of medical therapy involving separation of plasma from red blood cells. Fresh frozen plasma and other transfused plasmas Main article: Fresh frozen plasma Fresh frozen plasma FFP is prepared from a single unit of blood or by apheresis, drawn from a single person. It is frozen -40F Degrees after collection and can be stored for ten years from date of collection. The term FFP is sometimes used informally to mean any frozen transfusable plasma product, including products which do not meet the standards for FFP. FFP contains all of the coagulation factors and proteins present in the original unit of blood. It is used to treat coagulopathies from warfarin overdose, liver disease, or dilutional coagulopathy. Other transfusable plasma is identical except that the coagulation factors are no longer considered completely viable.2 This is particularly important for Factor VIII and hemophilia, but these have been mostly replaced by more specific factor VIII concentrates in the developed world and true FFP is rarely used for that indication. Plasma which has been used as a source of Cryoprecipitate Plasma, Cryoprecipitate Reduced cannot be used for treatment of some coagulation problems but is still acceptable for many uses. Dried plasma Dried plasma packages used by Britain and US military during WWII Dried plasma packages used by Britain and US military during WWII Dried plasma was developed and first used in WWII. Prior to the United States' involvement in the war, liquid plasma and whole blood were used. The Blood for Britain program during the early 1940s was quite successful and popular in the United States based in part on Dr. Charles Drew's contribution. A large project was begun in August of the year 1940 to collect blood in New York City hospitals for the export of plasma to Britain. Dr. Drew was appointed medical supervisor of the Plasma for Britain project. His notable contribution at this time was to transform the test tube methods of many blood researchers, including himself, into the first successful mass production techniques. Nonetheless, the decision was made to develop a dried plasma package for the armed forces as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler.3 The resulting Army-Navy dried plasma package came in two tin cans containing 400 cc bottles. One bottle contained enough distilled water to completely reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. In about three minutes, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four hours.4 Following the Plasma for Britain invention, Dr. Drew was named director of the Red Cross blood bank and assistant director of the National Research Council, in charge of blood collection for the United States Army and Navy. Dr. Drew argued against the armed forces directive that blood/plasma was to be separated by the race of the donor. Dr. Drew argued that there was no racial difference in human blood and that the policy would lead to needless deaths as soldiers and sailors were required to wait for same race blood.citation needed By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the surplus plasma was returned to the United States for civilian use. Serum albumin replaced dried plasma for combat use during the Korean War.5 References ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright 1993. Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. ^ Blood Plasma Donation Centers Reviewed ^ Transfusion before World War I ^ Plasma Equipment and Packaging, and Transfusion Equipment ^ The Plasma Program v d e Transfusion medicine General concepts Apheresis Plasmapheresis, Plateletpheresis, Leukapheresis - Blood transfusion - Coombs test - Cross-matching - Exchange transfusion - International Society of Blood Transfusion - Intraoperative blood salvage - ISBT 128 - Transfusion reactions Human blood group systems - Blood type ABO - Chido-Rodgers - Colton - Cromer - Diego - Dombrock - Duffy - Gerbich - GIL - Hh - Ii - Indian - JMH - Kell Xk - Kidd - Knops - LW - Lewis - Lutheran - MNS - OK - P - Raph - Rh - Scianna - T-Tn - Xg - Yt - Other Blood products Blood donation - Blood substitutes - Cryoprecipitate - Platelets - Plasma - Red blood cells - Whole blood v d e Blood General Plasma - Hematopoietic stem cells Lymphoid - WBC T cells: Cytotoxic CD8+, Helper CD4+/Regulatory, γδ, Natural Killer T cell B cells: Plasma, Memory Natural killer cells Lymphokine-activated killer cell Null cell Myeloid - WBC Monocytes/Macrophages Histiocytes, Kupffer cells, Langhans giant cells, Microglia, Osteoclasts, Epithelioid cells Granulocytes Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil - Mast cell precursors Dendritic cells Langerhans cells, Follicular dendritic cells Megakaryoblast - Megakaryocyte - Platelets Myeloid - RBC Reticulocyte - Normoblast v d e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology Filtration Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange Hormones affecting filtration Antidiuretic hormone ADH - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide Secretion/clearance Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications Reabsorption Solvent drag - Na+ - Cl- - urea - glucose - oligopeptides - protein Endocrine Renin - Erythropoietin EPO - Calcitriol Active vitamin D - Prostaglandins Assessing Renal function/ Measures of dialysis Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio Acid base physiology Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas Buffering/compensation Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Blood_plasma Categories: Blood | Blood products | Body fluids | HematologyHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since February 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans العربية Bosanski Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Ù?ارسی Français í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Oromoo Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 17:31. of the GNU Free Documentation License. ® , Inc., a U.S.
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