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22-AUGUST-2008 06:13:22 - Cytosol December 2007 The cytosol cf. cytoplasm, often abbreviated ICF intracellular fluid which also includes the organelles is the internal fluid of the cell, and where a portion of cell metabolism occurs. Proteins within the cytosol play an important role in signal transduction pathways and glycolysis. They also act as intracellular receptors and form part of the ribosomes, enabling protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, all chemical reactions take place in the cytosol. In eukaryotes, the cytosol surrounds the cell organelles; this is collectively called the cytoplasm. In plants, the amount of cytosol can be reduced because of the large tonoplast central vacuole that takes up most of the cell interior volume. The portion of cytosol in the nucleus is called nucleohyaloplasm. The cytosol also surrounds the cytoskeleton, which is made of fibrous proteins e.g., microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. In many organisms, the cytoskeleton maintains the shape of the cell, anchors organelles, and controls internal movement of structures e.g., transport vesicles. The cytosol appears to be composed of free-floating particles, but is highly organized on the molecular level. As the concentration of soluble molecules increases within the cytosol, an osmotic gradient builds up toward the outside of the cell. Water flows into the cell, making the cell bigger. To prevent the cell from bursting apart, molecular pumps in the plasma membrane, the cytoskeleton, the tonoplast or the cell wall if present, are used to counteract the osmotic pressure. Cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules such as protein. Cytosol has a high concentration of K+ ions and a low concentration of Na+ ions. Normal human cytosolic pH is roughly 7.0 i.e., neutral, whereas the pH of the extracellular fluid is 7.4. This biology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cytosol Categories: Cell anatomy | Biology stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2007 | All articles lacking sources Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Esperanto Español Français Italiano 日本語 Lëtzebuergesch Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Português СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska 䏿–‡ This page was last modified on 9 August 2008, at 01:37. of the GNU Free Documentation License. ® , Inc., a U.S.
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