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20-September-2008 09:55:46 - Alkali Redirected from Alkaline June 2008 Alkaline redirects here. For the power cell, see Alkaline battery. For other uses of the word alkali see Alkali disambiguation. In chemistry, an alkali from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي, القالي is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element. Alkalis are best known for being bases compounds with pH greater than 7 that dissolve in water. The adjective alkaline is commonly used in English as a synonym for base, especially for soluble bases. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base and are still among the more common bases. Since Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, the term alkali in chemistry is normally restricted to those salts containing alkali and alkaline earth metal elements. Contents 1 Common properties 2 Confusion between alkali and base 3 Salts 4 Alkaline soil 5 Lakes 6 Etymology 7 References Common properties Alkalis are all Arrhenius bases, which form hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in water. Common properties of alkaline aqueous solutions include: Moderately-concentrated solutions over 10-3 M have a pH of 10 or greater. This means that they will turn phenolphthalein from colorless to pink. Concentrated solutions are caustic causing chemical burns. Alkaline solutions are slippery or soapy to the touch, due to the saponification of the fatty acids on the surface of the skin. Alkalis are normally water soluble, although some like barium carbonate are only soluble when reacting with an acidic aqueous solution. Confusion between alkali and base The terms base and alkali are often used interchangeably, since most common bases are alkalis. It is common to speak of measuring the alkalinity of soil when what is actually meant is the measurement of the pH base property. In a similar manner, bases that are not alkalis, such as ammonia, are sometimes erroneously referred to as alkaline. Note that not all or even most salts formed by alkali metals are alkaline; this designation applies only to those salts that are basic. While most electropositive metal oxides are basic, only the soluble alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides can be correctly called alkalis. This definition of an alkali as a basic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal does appear to be the most common, based on dictionary definitions 12, however conflicting definitions of the term alkali do exist. These include: Any base that is water-soluble and 34. This is more accurately called an Arrhenius base. The solution of a base in water 5. Salts Most basic salts are alkali salts, of which common examples are: sodium hydroxide often called caustic soda potassium hydroxide commonly called caustic potash lye generic term, for either of the previous two, or even for a mixture calcium carbonate sometimes called free lime magnesium hydroxide is an example of an atypical alkali: it is a weak base cannot be detected by phenolphthalein and it has low solubility in water Alkaline soil Soil with a pH value higher than 7.3 is normally referred to as alkaline. This soil property can occur naturally, due to the presence of alkali salts. Although some plants do prefer slightly basic soil including vegetables like cabbage and fodder like buffalograss, most plants prefer a mildly acidic soil pH between 6.0 and 6.8, and alkaline soils can cause problems. Lakes In alkali lakes a type of salt lake, evaporation concentrates the naturally-occurring alkali salts, often forming a crust of mildly-basic salt across a large area. Examples of alkali lakes: Redberry Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Tramping Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mono lake, California, United States Summer Lake, Summer Lake, Oregon Alkali Lake, British Columbia and the adjoining reserves of the Alkali Lake Indian Band are named for a local Alkali Lake, which got its name from a large patch of alkali on the hillside above the lake, which is not itself alkali,1 although there are many in the Cariboo district and adjoining regions of the British Columbia Interior. Etymology The word alkali is derived from Arabic al qalÄ«y = the calcined ashes, referring to the original source of alkaline substance. Ashes were used in conjunction with animal fat to produce soap, a process known as saponification. References ^ BCGNIS listing Alkali Lake community Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Alkali Categories: Inorganic chemistry | Arabic words and phrasesHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from June 2008 | All articles lacking sources Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Français Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Novial O'zbek Polski РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English ไทย Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ ಕನà³?ನಡ This page was last modified on 19 August 2008, at 19:0
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