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20-September-2008 09:55:46 - adrenergic agonist An adrenergic alpha-agonist or alpha-adrenergic agonist is a drug which selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses α1 and α2. Contents 1 Classes 1.1 α1 agonists 1.2 α2 agonists 1.3 Undetermined/unsorted 2 Clinical significance 3 References 4 External links Classes Although complete selectivity between receptor agonism is rarely achieved, some agents have partial selectivity. α1 agonists Main article: Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor#agonists α1 agonists: stimulates phospholipase C activity. vasoconstriction and mydriasis; used as vasopressors, nasal decongestants eye exams. Selected examples are: Methoxamine Methylnorepinephrine Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine 1 α2 agonists Main article: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor#agonists α2 agonists: inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. reduce brainstem vasomotor center-mediated SNS activation; used as antihypertensives, sedatives treatment of opiate alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Selected examples are: Clonidine mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1 receptor agonist Guanfacine,2 preference for alpha2A-subtype of adrenoceptor Guanabenz most selective agonist for alpha2-adrenergic as opposed to imidazoline-I1 Guanoxabenz metabolite of guanabenz Guanethidine periferal alpha2-receptor agonist Xylazine,3 Methyldopa Undetermined/unsorted The following agents are also listed as agonists by MeSH.4 amidephrine amitraz anisodamine apraclonidine brimonidine cirazoline detomidine dexmedetomidine epinephrine ergotamine etilefrine indanidine lofexidine medetomidine mephentermine metaraminol methoxamine midodrine mivazerol naphazoline norepinephrine norfenefrine octopamine oxymetazoline phenylpropanolamine rilmenidine romifidine synephrine talipexole tizanidine Clinical significance Alpha-adrenergic agonists are used in the treatment of glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous fluid by the ciliary bodies of the eye. References ^ Declerck I, Himpens B, Droogmans G, Casteels R September 1990. The alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+-channels in vascular smooth muscle cells of rabbit ear artery. Pflugers Arch. 417 1: 117-9. PMID 1963492. ^ Sagvolden T 2006. The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD. Behav Brain Funct 2: 41. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-41. PMID 17173664. PMC:1764416. ^ Atalik KE, Sahin AS, Doğan N April 2000. Interactions between phenylephrine, clonidine and xylazine in rat and rabbit aortas. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 22 3: 145-7. PMID 10893695. ^ MeSH list of agents 82000316 External links MeSH Adrenergic+alpha-Agonists v d e Receptor agonists, antagonists, and reuptake inhibitors BA/M 5-HT serotonin receptor Serotonin receptor agonist 5-HT4 Serotonin antagonist 5-HT3 Serotonin uptake inhibitor SSRI Dopamine receptor Dopamine agonist Dopamine antagonist Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Adrenergic receptor Adrenergic agonist Alpha, Beta 1/2 Adrenergic antagonist Alpha 1/2, Beta Adrenergic uptake inhibitor Histamine receptor Histamine agonist Histamine antagonist H1, H2, H3 AA GABA receptor GABA agonist GABA antagonist Glutamate receptor NMDA receptor NMDA receptor antagonist AMPA receptor Ampakine Excitatory amino acid agonist Excitatory amino acid antagonist ANS Acetylcholine receptor Cholinergic Muscarinic, Nicotinic Anticholinergic Muscarinic, Nicotinic/Ganglionic blocker/Neuromuscular-blocking drugs Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Adrenergic receptor SANS only -- see above for details PANS Parasympathomimetic Cholinergic, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - Parasympatholytic Anticholinergic, Ganglionic blocker SANS Sympathomimetic Adrenergic agonist, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor - Sympatholytic Adrenergic antagonist, Alpha blocker, Ganglionic blocker v d e Adrenergic agonists models/most important in CAPS α α1 METHOXAMINE - Methylnorepinephrine - Oxymetazoline - PHENYLEPHRINE - Metaraminol α2 4-NEMD - CLONIDINE - Guanfacine - Guanabenz - Guanoxabenz - Guanethidine - Xylazine - METHYLDOPA - Apraclonidine - Brimonidine - Detomidine - Dexmedetomidine - Lofexidine - Romifidine - Tizanidine - Xylometazoline Undetermined/ unsorted Amidephrine - Amitraz - Anisodamine - Ergotamine - Indanidine - Medetomidine - Mephentermine - Midodrine - Mivazerol - Naphazoline - Norfenefrine - Octopamine - Phenylpropanolamine - Rilmenidine - Synephrine - Talipexole - Tetrahydrozoline - Xylometazoline β β1 DOBUTAMINE - Dopamine - Denopamine - Xamoterol β2 Short acting β2-agonists: SALBUTAMOL/Levosalbutamol - Fenoterol - TERBUTALINE - Pirbuterol - Procaterol - Bitolterol - Rimiterol - Carbuterol - Tulobuterol - Reproterol - Dopexamine Long acting β2-agonists LABA: Arformoterol - Bambuterol - Clenbuterol - Formoterol - Salmeterol Orciprenaline/metaproterenol - Ritodrine - Hexoprenaline - Indacaterol β3 Amibegron - Solabegron Undetermined/ unsorted Arbutamine - Befunolol - Isoxsuprine - Nylidrin - Oxyfedrine - Prenalterol - Ractopamine - Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane - Broxaterol - Cimaterol - Higenamine - Mabuterol - Methoxyphenamine - Tretoquinol - Zinterol Nonselective β ISOPRENALINE/ISOPROTERENOL α and β Epinephrine α1+2, β1+2 - Norepinephrine α1+2, β1 - Cirazoline - Etilefrine Indirect/ mixed Indirect presynaptic norepinephrine release: Amphetamine - Tyramine Mixed: Ephedrine - Pseudoephedrine Cocaine see also monoamine oxidase inhibitor v d e Psycholeptics: hypnotics and sedatives N05C GABAA receptor Barbiturates Allobarbital - Amobarbital - Aprobarbital - Barbital - Butobarbital - Cyclobarbital - Ethallobarbital - Heptabarbital - Hexobarbital - Methohexital - Pentobarbital - Phenobarbital - Proxibarbal - Reposal - Secobarbital - Talbutal - Thiopental - Vinylbital - Vinbarbital Benzodiazepines Brotizolam - Cinolazepam - Doxefazepam - Estazolam - Flunitrazepam - Flurazepam - Flutoprazepam - Loprazolam - Lormetazepam - Nitrazepam - Nimetazepam - Midazolam - Quazepam - Temazepam - Triazolam Nonbenzodiazepines CL-218,872 - Eszopiclone - Indiplon - Necopidem - Pazinaclone - ROD-188 - Saripidem - Suproclone - Suriclone - SX-3228 - U-89843A - U-90042 - Zaleplon - Zolpidem - Zopiclone Piperidinediones Glutethimide - Methyprylon - Pyrithyldione Quinazolinones Afloqualone - Cloroqualone - Diproqualone - Etaqualone - Mebroqualone - Mecloqualone - Methaqualone - Methylmethaqualone Neuroactive steroids Acebrochol - Allopregnanolone - Alphadolone - Alphaxolone - Ganaxolone - Hydroxydione - Minaxolone - Org 20599 - Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor Alpha-adrenergic agonist 4-NEMD - Clonidine - Dexmedetomidine - Lofexidine - Medetomidine - Romifidine - Tizanidine - Xylazine Melatonin receptor Melatonin Agomelatine - Melatonin - Ramelteon Histamine receptor Acetylcholine receptor Antihistamines Anticholinergics Doxylamine - Hydroxyzine - Diphenhydramine - Bromodiphenhydramine - Carbinoxamine - Orphenadrine - Niaprazine - Phenyltoloxamine - Propiomazine - Pyrilamine - Scopolamine GABAB receptor / GHB receptor GHB Type Aceburic acid - GABOB - GHB Sodium Oxybate, Xyrem® - GBL - 1,4-Butanediol - 3-Chloropropanoic acid Other receptors/ ungrouped Aldehydes Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate - Chloral hydrate - Chloralodol - Dichloralphenazone - Paraldehyde - Petrichloral Alkynes Centalun - Ethchlorvynol - Ethinamate - Hexapropymate - Methylpentynol Carbamates Meprobamate - Carisoprodol - Tybamate - Methocarbamol Other 2-Methyl-2-butanol - Acecarbromal - Apronal - Bromides - Bromisoval - Carbromal - Clomethiazole - Embutramide - Etomidate - Gaboxadol - Loreclezole - Mephenoxalone - Sulfonmethane - Trichloroethanol - Triclofos - Valerian - Valnoctamide - Trazadone Tablets This pharmacology-related article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist Categories: Pharmacology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 15:19
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