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20-September-2008 09:55:57 - Aniracetam Aniracetam Systematic IUPAC name 1-4-methoxybenzoyl- 2-pyrrolidinone Identifiers CAS number 72432-10-1 ATC code N06BX11 PubChem 2196 Chemical data Formula C12H13NO3 Mol. mass 219.237 g/mol SMILES eMolecules PubChem Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability ? Metabolism ? Half life 1 - 2.5 hours Excretion ? Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. ? Legal status Unscheduled US Routes Oral Aniracetam Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet is a nootropic drug of the racetam family purported to be considerably more potent than piracetam. It is lipid soluble and has possible cognition enhancing effects. It has been tested in animals extensively, Alzheimer's patients and temporarily-impaired healthy subjects, but has not been formally tested in healthy, unimpaired humans. It has shown potential as an anxiolytic in three clinical animal models. Contents 1 Pharmacology 2 See also 3 External links 4 References Pharmacology After a confirmed test of the anxiolytic efficacy in a mouse model, receptor antagonists haloperidol, mecamylamine, and ketanserin were applied. Haloperidol completely reversed the anxiolytic effects, and mecamylamine and ketanserin nearly completely reversed the effects. This shows that aniracetam's anxiolytic mechanism is facilitated by D2/D3 dopamine, nicotinic acetylcholine, and 5-HT2A receptors1. Aniracetam has also been shown to selectively modulate the AMPA glutamate receptor2 and was used as the parent compound to derive a class of drugs known as the ampakines which are being investigated as nootropics and neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.1 Despite the fat solubility of aniracetam its half-life is much shorter than common racetam analogs such as Piracetam. See also Racetams External links The Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute Brain Research and Information Network B.R.A.I.N. References ^ Nakamura K; Kurasawa M May 2001. Anxiolytic effects of aniracetam in three different mouse models of anxiety and the underlying mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol. Kanagawa, Japan. 420 1: 33-43. doi:10.1016/S0014-29990101005-6. PMID 11412837. ^ Ito et al. J. Physiol. 1990; 424: 533-543. v d e Racetams Aniracetam Brivaracetam Coluracetam Dimiracetam Etiracetam/Levetiracetam Fasoracetam Imuracetam Nebracetam Nefiracetam Oxiracetam Phenylpiracetam Piracetam Pramiracetam Rolipram Rolziracetam Seletracetam v d e Psychoanaleptics: psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD and nootropics N06B Centrally acting sympathomimetics Amphetamine - Amphetaminil - Atomoxetine - Dextroamphetamine - Dextromethamphetamine - Fencamfamin - Fenozolone - Fenetylline - Methylphenidate - Mesocarb - Pemoline - Pipradrol - Prolintane Xanthine derivatives Caffeine - Propentofylline Glutamate receptor Racetams Aniracetam - Nefiracetam - Oxiracetam - Phenylpiracetam - Piracetam - Pramiracetam Ampakines CX-516 - CX-546 - CX-614 - CX-691 - CX-717 - IDRA-21 - LY-503,430 - PEPA Eugeroics / Benzhydryl compounds Adrafinil - Armodafinil - Modafinil Histamine H3 receptor antagonists ABT-239 - Ciproxifan Other psychostimulants and nootropics Acetylcarnitine - Citicoline - Cyprodenate - Idebenone - Ispronicline - Deanol - Dimebon - Fipexide - Linopirdine - Meclofenoxate - Nizofenone - Pirisudanol - Pyritinol - Sulbutiamine - Taltirelin - Tricyanoaminopropene - Vinpocetine v d e Glutamate receptor ligands Ionotropic NMDA Agonists; NMDA Tetrazolylglycine Antagonists; Competitive antagonists; AP7 APV CGP-37849 Midafotel CPPene PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA Sdz 220-581 Selfotel; Noncompetitive antagonists; Aptiganel Dizocilpine FPL-12495 FR-115,427 Gacyclidine Hodgkinsine HU-211 Indantadol Psychotridine Remacemide; Uncompetitive channel blockers; 2-MDP Amantadine Budipine Delucemine Dexoxadrol Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Endopsychosin Etoxadrol Eticyclidine Ibogaine Ketamine Memantine Neramexane Nitrous oxide Phencyclidine Rhynchophylline Riluzole Rolicyclidine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Xenon; Glycine site antagonists; 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid ACEA-1021 7-Chlorokynurenate CGP-39653 DCKA Gavestinel GV-150,526 Kynurenic acid L-689,560 ZD-9379; Polyamine site antagonists; Besonprodil CP-101,606 Eliprodil Ifenprodil Ro25-6981 Traxoprodil; Indirect antagonists; Lubeluzole AMPA Agonists; AMPA Domoic acid 5-Fluorowillardiine; Positive allosteric modulators; Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 CX-691 CX-717 IDRA-21 LY-392,098 LY-404,187 LY-451,646 LY-503,430 Oxiracetam PEPA Piracetam Pramiracetam Antagonists; ATPO CNQX DNQX NBQX Tezampanel LY-293,558; Negative allosteric modulators; GYKI-53,655 Kainate Agonists; 5-Iodowillardiine ATPA Domoic acid Kainic acid LY-339,434 SYM-2081 Antagonists; CNQX DNQX LY-382,884 NBQX NS102 UBP-302; Negative allosteric modulators; NS-3763 Metabotropic Group I Agonists; Unselective; ACPD Dihydroxyphenylglycine; mGlu1 selective; Ro01-6128; mGlu5 selective; CHPG DFB Antagonists; Unselective; MCPG; mGlu1 selective; BAY 36-7620 CPCCOEt LY-367,385; mGlu5 selective; LY-344,545 MPEP MTEP Group II Agonists; Eglumegad LY-354,740 LY-487,379 Antagonists; EGLU LY-341,495 Group III Agonists; Unselective; AP4; mGlu4 selective; PHCCC; mGlu8 selective; DCPG Antagonists; CPPG UBP-1112 Tablets This pharmacology-related article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Aniracetam Categories: Pyrrolidines | Nootropics | Racetams | Ampakines | Pharmacology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch 한국어 This page was last modified on 13 August 2008, at 17:0
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