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20-September-2008 09:55:47 - Antidote For the debut album by the musical act Foals, see Antidotes Part of a series on Toxicology and poison Toxicology Forensic - Toxinology History of poison ICD-10 T36-T65, ICD-9 960-989 Concepts Poison - Venom - Toxicant - Antidote Acceptable daily intake - Acute toxicity Bioaccumulation - Biomagnification Fixed Dose Procedure - LD50 - Lethal dose Toxic capacity - Toxicity Class Toxins and venoms Neurotoxin - Necrotoxin - Hemotoxin Mycotoxin - Aflatoxin - Phototoxin List of fictional toxins Incidents Bradford - Minamata - Niigata Alexander Litvinenko - Bhopal 2007 pet food recalls List of poisonings Poisoning types Elements Toxic metal Lead - Mercury - Cadmium - Antimony - Arsenic - Beryllium - Iron - Thallium - Fluoride - Oxygen Seafood Shellfish Paralytic - Diarrheal Amnesic - Ciguatera - Scombroid Tetrodotoxin Other substances Pesticide - Organophosphate - Food Nicotine - Theobromine - Carbon monoxide - Vitamin - Medicines Living organisms Mushrooms - Plants - Venomous animals Related topics Hazard symbol - Carcinogen Mutagen - List of Extremely Hazardous Substances - Biological warfare This box: view talk An antidote or counterdose is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. Sometimes, the antidote for a particular toxin is manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and the resulting antibodies are extracted from the animals' blood. The venom produced by some snakes, spiders, and other venomous animals is often treatable by the use of these antivenins, although a number do lack one, and a bite or sting from such an animal often results in death. Some animal venoms, especially those produced by arthropods e.g. certain spiders, scorpions, bees, etc. are only potentially lethal when they provoke allergic reactions and induce anaphylactic shock; as such, there is no antidote for these venoms because it is not a form of poisoning, though anaphylactic shock can be treated e.g., by the use of epinephrine. Some other toxins have no known antidote. For example, the poison ricin, which is produced from the waste byproduct of castor oil manufacture, has no antidote, and as a result is often fatal if it enters the human body in sufficient quantities. Ingested poisons are frequently treated by the oral administration of activated charcoal, which absorbs the poison, and then it is flushed from the digestive tract, removing a large part of the toxin. Poisons which are injected into the body such as those from bites or stings from venomous animals are usually treated by the use of a constriction band which limits the flow of lymph and/or blood to the area, thus slowing circulation of the poison around the body. Poison and toxic signs Anticholinergic poisoning is given physostigmine sulfate as the antidote. atropine sulfate poisoning is given Anticholinesterase and pralidoxime chloride 2-PAM as the antidote. Benzodiazepine poisoning is given flumazenil as the antidote. Beta blocker poisoning is given glucagon as the antidote. Carbon monoxide poisoning is given oxygen as the antidote. Cyanide poisoning is given amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, or thiosulfate as the antidote. A new patented process uses mesoxalic acid as the antidote. Digoxin poisoning is given Fragment antigen bindingFab fragments that bind to digoxin trade names Digibind and Digifab as the antidote. Ethylene glycol poisoning is given ethanol or fomepizole as the antidote. Extrapyramidal reactions associated with antipsychotic poisoning is given diphenhydramine hydrochloride and benztropine mesylate as the antidote. Heavy metal poisoning is given chelators, calcium disodium edetate EDTA, dimercaprol BAL, penicillamine, and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid DMSA, succimer as the antidote. Heparin poisoning is given protamine sulfate as the antidote. Iron poisoning is given deferioxamine mesylate as the antidote. Isoniazid poisoning is given pyridoxine as the antidote. Methanol poisoning is given ethanol or fomepizole as the antidote. Methemoglobinemia poisoning is given methylene blue as the antidote. Opioid poisoning is given naloxone hydrochloride as the antidote. Paracetamol acetaminophen poisoning is given N-acetylcysteine as the antidote. Thallium poisoning is given Prussian blue as the antidote. Warfarin poisoning is given vitamin K phytomenadione and fresh frozen plasma as the antidote. See also Look up Antidote in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. snakebite tourniquet v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Antidotes V03AB Methanol / Ethylene glycol Ethanol - Fomepizole Paracetamol Acetaminophen Acetylcysteine - Glutathione - Methionine Arsenic Dimercaprol - Succimer Cyanide 4-Dimethylaminophenol - Amyl nitrite - Hydroxocobalamin - Methylene blue - Sodium nitrite - Sodium thiosulfate Heparin Protamine Nerve agent / Organophosphate pesticide Atropine - Biperiden - Diazepam - Oximes Pralidoxime, Obidoxime - see also Cholinesterase Opioid Diprenorphine - Doxapram - Nalorphine - Naloxone - Naltrexone - Nalmefene Barbiturate Bemegride - Ethamivan Benzodiazepine Cyprodenate - Flumazenil GHB Lorazepam - Physostigmine - SCH-50911 Toxic metals Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, Thallium Edetates - Dimercaprol - Prussian blue Other Ipecacuanha - Prednisolone/promethazine - Methylthioninium chloride - Potassium permanganate - Copper sulfate - Potassium iodide - Digoxin Immune Fab Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Antidote Categories: Antidotes Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Español Français Ido Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Shqip Simple English Svenska Türkçe This page was last modified on 8 August 2008, at 18:29
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