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20-September-2008 09:55:47 - Anxiolytic An anxiolytic is a drug prescribed for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety. Some anxiolytics have been shown to be useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders as have antidepressants such as the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs. Though not anxiolytics, beta-receptor blockers such as propranolol and oxprenolol can be used to combat the somatic symptoms of anxiety. Contents 1 Types of anxiolytics 1.1 Benzodiazepines 1.2 Serotonin 1A agonists 1.3 Barbiturates 1.4 Hydroxyzine 1.5 Herbal treatments 2 Alternatives to medication 3 References 4 See also Types of anxiolytics Anxiolytics are generally divided into two groups of medication, benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines Main article: Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepines are prescribed for short-term relief of severe and disabling anxiety. Common medications are lorazepam Ativan, clonazepam Klonopin, alprazolam Xanax, and diazepam Valium. Benzodiazepines may also be indicated to cover the latent periods associated with the medications prescribed to treat an underlying anxiety disorder. They are used to treat a wide variety of conditions and symptoms and are usually a first choice when short-term CNS sedation is needed. Longer term uses include treatment for severe anxiety and psychosis. There is a risk of withdrawal symptoms and rebound syndrome after continuous usage past two weeks. There is also the added problem of the accumulation of drug metabolites and adverse effects. Serotonin 1A agonists Buspirone BuSpar is a serotonin 1A agonist. It lacks the sedation and the dependence associated with benzodiazepines and causes much less cognitive impairment. It may be less effective than benzodiazepines in patients who have been previously treated with benzodiazepines as the medication does not provide the sedation that these patients may expect or equate with anxiety relief. Barbiturates Barbiturates and meprobamate exert an anxiolytic effect linked to the sedation they cause. The risk of abuse and addiction is high. Many experts consider these drugs as obsolete for treating anxiety, although they may be valuable for the short term treatment of severe insomnia. Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine is an old antihistamine originally approved for clinical use by the FDA in 1956. It possesses anxiolytic properties in addition to its antihistamine properties and is also licensed for the treatment of anxiety and tension. It is also used for its sedative properties as a premed before anesthesia or to induce sedation after anesthesia.1 Herbal treatments Certain herbs, such as valerian, kava Kava Kava, chamomile, Kratom, Blue Lotus extracts, Sceletium tortuosum kanna and bacopa monniera are reputed to have anxiolytic properties. With the exception of kava kava, only limited evidence exists for their efficacy.23 A team from Brazil found cannabidiol a constituent of marijuana to be an effective anti-psychotic and anxiolytic 4 'CBD induced a clear anxiolytic effect and a pattern of cerebral activity compatible with anxiolytic activity. Therefore, similar to the data obtained in animal models, results from studies on healthy volunteers have strongly suggested an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD'. Alternatives to medication Psychotherapy e.g. cognitive or behavior therapy is often useful as an adjunct to medication or as an alternative to medication. Research has demonstrated better long-term results for anxiety when treated with psychotherapy as opposed to pharmacotherapy.citation needed References Albers, Lawrence; Rhoda Hahn, Christopher Reist 2001-2002. Handbook of Psychiatric Drugs. Laguna Hills, California: Current Clinical Strageties. ^ medicine net. hydroxyzine Vistaril, Atarax. medicinenet.com. Retrieved on 17 May 2008. ^ Herbal remedies for anxiety - a systematic review ...Phytomedicine. 2006 - PubMed Result ^ Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-a...Am J Med. 2006 - PubMed Result ^ Zuardi, A.W; J.A.S. Crippa, J.E.C. Hallak, F.A. Moreira, F.S. Guimarães 2006. Cannabidiol as an antipsychotic drug. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 39: 421-429. ISSN 0100-879X ISSN 0100-879X. See also ATC code N05#N05B Anxiolytics v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Psycholeptics: anxiolytics tranquilisers N05B GABAA receptor Benzodiazepine Adinazolam - Alprazolam - Bretazenil - Bromazepam - Camazepam - Chlordiazepoxide - Clobazam - Clorazepate - Clonazepam - Clotiazepam - Cloxazolam - Diazepam - Ethyl loflazepate - Etizolam - Fludiazepam - Halazepam - Imidazenil - Ketazolam - Lorazepam - Medazepam - Nordazepam - Oxazepam - Pinazepam - Prazepam - Tofisopam Nonbenzodiazepine Adipiplon - Alpidem - CGS-9896 - CGS-20625 - DOV-51892 - ELB-139 - Etifoxine - L-838,417 - MK-0343 - NS-2664 - NS-2710 - Ocinaplon - Pagoclone - Panadiplon - Pipequaline - RWJ-51204 - SB-205,384 - TP-003 - TP-13 - TPA-023 - Tracazolate - Y-23684 β-Carbolines Abecarnil - Gedocarnil - SL-651,498 Carbamates Emylcamate - Carisoprodol - Mebutamate - Meprobamate - Phenprobamate - Tybamate Serotonin agonist Azaspirodecanedione Buspirone - Gepirone - Tandospirone Histamine antagonist Diphenylmethane Hydroxyzine - Captodiame Other/ungrouped Dibenzobicyclooctadiene Benzoctamine Other Chlormezanone - Eglumegad - Etazolate - Flesinoxan - Mephenoxalone - Saredutant Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Anxiolytic Categories: Anxiety disorder treatment | Psychoactive drugsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since April 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Deutsch Español Français Galego Italiano Nederlands Norsk bokmål Polski Português Svenska This page was last modified on 30 July 2008, at 01
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