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20-September-2008 09:55:57 - Clemastine Clemastine Systematic IUPAC name 2-2-1-4-chlorophenyl-1-phenyl-ethoxyethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidine Identifiers CAS number 17-7-4 ATC code R06AA04 PubChem 2781 DrugBank APRD00875 Chemical data Formula C21H26ClNO Mol. mass 343.9 Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 39.2% Metabolism Hepatic Half life 21.3 Hours Excretion Renal Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. B USA Legal status Unscheduled; OTC Routes Oral Clemastine, also known as meclastin, is an antihistamine drug. Unlike loratadine or fexofenadine, clemastine is a sedating antihistamine, however it exhibits fewer side effects than most of the widely used antihistamines. Clemastine is also classified as an antipruritic i.e. it stops itching. Contents 1 Pharmacology 1.1 Mechanism of Action 1.2 Metabolism 2 Indications 2.1 Availability 3 Toxicity 4 External links Pharmacology Clemastine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative effects. Antihistamines competitively bind to histamine receptor sites, thus reducing the neurotransmitter's effects. Effects of histamine which are countered by antihistamines include: Increased capillary permeability Increased capillary dilatation Edema i.e. swelling Pruritus Gastrointestinal/respiratory smooth muscle constriction Clemastine inhibits both the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects of histamine. Depending on the dose, the drug can produce paradoxical effects, including CNS stimulation or depression. Most antihistamines exhibit some type of anticholinergic activity. Antihistamines act by competitively binding to H1- receptor sites, thus blocking the binding endogenous histamine. Antihistamines do not chemically inactivate or prevent the normal release of histamine. Clemastine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and peak plasma concentrations are attained in 2-4 hours. Mechanism of Action Clemastine is a selective histamine H1 antagonist. It binds to the histamine H1 receptor, thus blocking the action of endogenous histamine, which leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms caused by histamine. Metabolism Antihistamines are thought to be metabolized in the liver, mostly by mono-/didemethylation and glucuronide conjugation. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2D6 and may interfere with other drugs metabolized by this isozyme. Indications Clemastine is indicated for use in treating allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, pruritus and lacrimation. Availability Clemastine is an OTC drug, and is available as a syrup 0.5 mg per 5mL and tablet 1mg. It is sold in the United States under the brand name Tavist. In Sweden it is, unlike the newer non-sedative antihistamines used for allergy, prescription only and sold under the brand name of Tavegyl. Toxicity Overdosage symptoms are paradoxical, ranging from CNS depression to stimulation. Stimulation is most common in children, and is usually followed by excitement, hallucinations, ataxia, incoordination, muscle twitching, athetosis, hyperthermia, cyanosis convulsions, tremors, and hyperreflexia. This may be followed by postictal depression and cardiovascular/respiratory arrest. Other common overdose symptoms include dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing of the face, and pyrexia. In adults, overdose usually leads to CNS depression, ranging from drowsiness to coma. The oral LD50 of clemastine in the rat and mouse is 3550 mg/kg and 730 mg/kg, respectively. External links NIH Medline Plus listing on Clemastine The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of clemastine and phenylpropanolamine in single-component and combination formulations v d e Antipruritics D04 Antihistamines for topical use Thonzylamine - Mepyramine - Thenalidine - Tripelennamine - Chloropyramine - Promethazine - Tolpropamine - Dimetindene - Clemastine - Bamipine - Isothipendyl - Diphenhydramine - Chlorphenoxamine Anesthetics for topical use Lidocaine - Cinchocaine - Oxybuprocaine - Benzocaine - Quinisocaine - Tetracaine - Pramocaine v d e Histamine antagonists H1 or non-selective Alkylamines Bepotastine Bamipine Brompheniramine Chlorpheniramine Dexbrompheniramine Dexchlorpheniramine Dimethindene Metron S Pheniramine Pyrrobutamine Talastine Thenaldine Tolpropamine Triprolidine Ethanolamines Aminoalkyl ethers Bietanautine Bromazine/Bromodiphenhydramine Carbinoxamine Chlorphenoxamine Clemastine Diphenylpyraline Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Embramine p-Methyldiphenhydramine Moxastine Orphenadrine Phenyltoloxamine Setastine Ethylenediamines Chloropyramine Chlorothen Histapyrrodine Methafurylene Mepyramine Methapyrilene Pyrilamine Talastine Thenyldiamine Thonzylamine Tripelennamine Pyribenzamine Phenothiazine Tricyclics Ahistan Etymemazine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Isopromethazine Isothipendyl Mequitazine Methdilazine Oxomemazine Promethazine Thiazinamium Other Tricyclics Azatadine Clobenzepam Cyproheptadine Deptropine Isothipendyl Loratidine Piperazine Buclizine Chlorcyclizine Cinnarizine Clocinizine Hydroxyzine Niaprazine Oxatomide Benzhydryl compounds Cyclizine, Meclizine Others including selective, 2nd gen, 3rd gen Antazoline Astemizole Azatadine Azelastine Bepottastine Bamipine Cetoxine Clemizole Clobenztropine Deptropine Desloratadine Dimebon Ebastine Emedastine Epinastine Ketotifen Levocabastine Loratadine Mebhydrolin Mizolastine Phenindamine Pimethixene Pyrrobutamine Rupatadine Thenalidine Tritoqualine Alkylamine Acrivastine Tricyclic Olopatadine Piperazine Levocetirizine, Cetirizine Benzhydryl compounds Fexofenadine, Terfenadine H2 Cimetidine Famotidine Ranitidine Roxatidine Lafutidine Niperotidine Nizatidine H3 A-349,821 ABT-239 Burimamide Ciproxifan Clobenpropit Conessine Impentamine Iodophenpropit Thioperamide VUF-5681 H4 JNJ 7777120 Thioperamide VUF-6002 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Clemastine Categories: Antihistamines Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Magyar Polski РуÑ?Ñ?кий ไทย This page was last modified on 11 August 2008, at 18:12
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