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20-September-2008 09:55:55 - Clenbuterol Clenbuterol Systematic IUPAC name 1-4-amino-3,5-dichloro-phenyl- 2-tert-butylaminoethanol Identifiers CAS number 37148-27-9 ATC code R03AC14 R03CC13 PubChem 2783 Chemical data Formula C12H18Cl2N2O Mol. mass 277.19 Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 89-98% orally Metabolism ? Half life 36-39 hours Excretion ? Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. C Legal status ? Routes oral Clenbuterol is a drug prescribed to sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders like asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier. It is most commonly available in salt form as Clenbuterol hydrochloride. Contents 1 Effects and Dosage 2 Human use 3 Veterinary use 4 Food contamination 5 Legal status 6 References 7 External links Effects and Dosage Clenbuterol is a β2 adrenergic agonist with some similarities to ephedrine, but its effects are more potent and longer-lasting as a stimulant and thermogenic drug. It causes an increase in aerobic capacity, central nervous system stimulation, and an increase in blood pressure and oxygen transportation. It increases the rate at which fat and protein is used up in the body at the same time as slowing down the storage of glycogen. It is commonly used for smooth muscle relaxant properties. This means that it is a bronchodilator and tocolytic. It is usually used in dosages anywhere from 20-60 micrograms a day when prescribed. A dose of about 150 μg should never be exceeded in a day. It is also prescribed for treatment of horses; however, equestrian usage is usually the liquid form of clenbuterol. Clenbuterol is also a sympathomimetic in the peripheral nervous system. Human use Clenbuterol is approved for use in some countries via prescription only as a bronchodilator for asthma patients.citation needed Recently though, the drug has been publicized for its off-label use as a weight loss drug. It is commonly used as a slimming aid despite lack of sufficient clinical evidence supporting such use,1.citation needed With many major diet review websites talking about clenbuterol, and given its accessibility via the internet, the drug is widely used as a dietary supplement. In fact, nowadays it is recommended by many physical trainers as the primary solution for those bodybuilders who desire to achieve sufficiently low body fat in order to look cut. In many cases, it is introduced into the training regime not as an illegal drug, but simply as a weight loss aid. This reduces some of the negative connotations attached to illicit drug use and thereby decreases any hesitation to take the drug on the part of the trainee.citation needed Veterinary use Clenbuterol is used worldwide for the treatment of allergic respiratory disease in horses, as it is a bronchodilator. A common trade name is Ventipulmin. It can be used both orally and intravenously. It is also a non-steroidal anabolic and metabolism accelerator, through a mechanism not well understood. Its ability to induce weight loss and a greater proportion of muscle to fat makes its illegal use in livestock popular. Food contamination In September 2006 over 330 people in Shanghai were reported to have been poisoned by eating pork contaminated by Clenbuterol that had been fed to the animals to keep their meat lean. There are also other informal reports on localized food contamination cases by Clenbuterol in the U.S. which led to setting rules that limit consumption of this medicine only to horses.2 Legal status As of fall, 2006, Clenbuterol is not an ingredient of any therapeutic drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but is still used as an unproven slimming aid,1 and is now banned for IOC-tested athletes.3 Jason Grimsley, former Major League baseball pitcher, admitted to using this drug. Former Major League Baseball first Baseman David Segui has admitted to ordering the substance. Entertainer Britney Spears has been reported as being a user of the drug in order to boost rapid weight loss, according to reports from the newspaper, The Sun, and has been doing so for over half a year. The tennis player Mariano Puerta was once penalized for use of clenbuterol. Australian wrestler Mitchil Mann was also suspended for testing positive for the drug.4 On July 24, 2008, American swimmer Jessica Hardy tested positive for Clenbuterol, and as of now will serve a two year ban for this doping violation.5 Hardy maintains that she has not even heard of clenbuterolcitation needed, and did not use it intentionally.6 References ^ a b Howard, Rebecca 2006-10-09. The size zero pill, Daily Mail. Retrieved on 2007-07-01. ^ Pigs fed on bodybuilder steroids cause food poisoning in Shanghai in English, AFP 2006-09-19. Retrieved on 2006-09-19. ^ Guest, Katy 2007-04-10. Clenbuterol: The new weight-loss wonder drug gripping Planet Zero, The Independent. Retrieved on 2007-04-10. ^ Drugs investigation nets fourth victim, Australian Associated Press, The Age 2007-03-14. Retrieved on 2007-04-10. ^ Press Release - Hardy - August 2008, USADA 2008-08-01. Retrieved on 2008-08-02. ^ Abrahamson, Alan 2008-08-01. Jessica Hardy withdraws from U.S. swim team, NBC Sports. Retrieved on 2008-08-02. External links Clenbuterol clenbuterol.ws - Activist site with information on government oversight, abuse, risks, testing, program, illegal celebrity and hollywood diet. v d e Adrenergic agonists models/most important in CAPS α α1 METHOXAMINE - Methylnorepinephrine - Oxymetazoline - PHENYLEPHRINE - Metaraminol α2 4-NEMD - CLONIDINE - Guanfacine - Guanabenz - Guanoxabenz - Guanethidine - Xylazine - METHYLDOPA - Apraclonidine - Brimonidine - Detomidine - Dexmedetomidine - Lofexidine - Romifidine - Tizanidine - Xylometazoline Undetermined/ unsorted Amidephrine - Amitraz - Anisodamine - Ergotamine - Indanidine - Medetomidine - Mephentermine - Midodrine - Mivazerol - Naphazoline - Norfenefrine - Octopamine - Phenylpropanolamine - Rilmenidine - Synephrine - Talipexole - Tetrahydrozoline - Xylometazoline β β1 DOBUTAMINE - Dopamine - Denopamine - Xamoterol β2 Short acting β2-agonists: SALBUTAMOL/Levosalbutamol - Fenoterol - TERBUTALINE - Pirbuterol - Procaterol - Bitolterol - Rimiterol - Carbuterol - Tulobuterol - Reproterol - Dopexamine Long acting β2-agonists LABA: Arformoterol - Bambuterol - Clenbuterol - Formoterol - Salmeterol Orciprenaline/metaproterenol - Ritodrine - Hexoprenaline - Indacaterol β3 Amibegron - Solabegron Undetermined/ unsorted Arbutamine - Befunolol - Isoxsuprine - Nylidrin - Oxyfedrine - Prenalterol - Ractopamine - Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane - Broxaterol - Cimaterol - Higenamine - Mabuterol - Methoxyphenamine - Tretoquinol - Zinterol Nonselective β ISOPRENALINE/ISOPROTERENOL α and β Epinephrine α1+2, β1+2 - Norepinephrine α1+2, β1 - Cirazoline - Etilefrine Indirect/ mixed Indirect presynaptic norepinephrine release: Amphetamine - Tyramine Mixed: Ephedrine - Pseudoephedrine Cocaine see also monoamine oxidase inhibitor v d e Drugs for obstructive airway diseases: asthma/COPD R03 Adrenergics, inhalants Short acting β2-agonists Salbutamol/Levosalbutamol Fenoterol Terbutaline Pirbuterol Procaterol Bitolterol Rimiterol Carbuterol Tulobuterol Reproterol Long acting β2-agonists LABA Arformoterol Bambuterol Clenbuterol Formoterol Salmeterol Ultra LABA: Indacaterol other Epinephrine Hexoprenaline Isoprenaline Isoproterenol Orciprenaline Metaproterenol Glucocorticoids Beclometasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Fluticasone Mometasone Anticholinergics/ muscarinic antagonist Ipratropium Tiotropium Mast cell stabilizers Cromoglicate Nedocromil Xanthines Aminophylline Doxofylline Theobromine Theophylline Leukotriene antagonists Montelukast Pranlukast Zafirlukast Lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton Thromboxane receptor antagonists Ramatroban Seratrodast Combination products Budesonide/formoterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Ipratropium/salbutamol Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Clenbuterol Categories: Beta-adrenergic agonists | Equine medications | Organochlorides | PhenethylaminesHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since June 2008 | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français Magyar Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий This page was last modified on 5 August 2008, at 04
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