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20-September-2008 09:55:48 - Distal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Kidney nephron labeled as 2nd convoluted tubule, near top Section of cortex of human kidney. Latin tubulus contortus distalis Gray's subject #253 1223 Precursor Metanephric blastema MeSH Distal+Kidney+Tubule Dorlands/Elsevier t_22/12830066 The distal convoluted tubule DCT is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. Contents 1 Physiology 2 Clinical significance 3 Histology 4 Additional images 5 References 6 External links Physiology It is partly responsible for the regulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and pH. It regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons H+ into the filtrate. Sodium and potassium levels are controlled by secreting K+ and absorbing Na+. Sodium absorption by the distal tubule is mediated by the hormone aldosterone. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption. Sodium and chlorine salt reabsorption is also mediated by a group of kinases called WNK kinases. There are 4 different WNK kinases, WNK1, WNK2, WNK3, and WNK4. It also participates in calcium regulation by secretion of excess Ca2+ in response to Calcitonin hormone. 1 Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 is also expressed in the DCT. Clinical significance Thiazide diuretics inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the DCT by blocking the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter. Histology The distal convoluted tubule DCT is the final segment of the nephron. It is lined with simple cuboidal cells that are shorter than those of the PCT. The lumen appears larger in DCT than the proximal convoluted tubule PCT lumen because the PCT has a brush border microvilli. DCT can be recognized by its numerous mitochondria, basal infoldings and lateral membrane interdigitations with neighboring cells. The point where DCT contacts afferent arteriole of renal corpuscle is called macula densa. It has tightly packed columnar cells which display reversed polarity and may monitor the osmolarity of blood. Histologically, cells of the DCT can be differentiated from cells of the proximal convoluted tubule: Characteristic PCT DCT apical brush border? usually have do not have eosinophilicity? more less cytoplasm? more less have visible nuclei? less likely more likely Additional images 1 Glomerulus, 2 proximal tubule, 3 distal tubule Transverse section of pyramidal substance of kidney of pig, the bloodvessels of which are injected. References ^ MedEd at Loyola mech/cases/case24/kidney.htm External links Organology at UC Davis Urinary/mammal/cortex1/cortex7 - Mammal, kidney cortex LM, Medium Histology at OU 35_19 Physiology at MCG 7/7ch03/7ch03p18 Physiology at MCG 7/7ch07/7ch07p14 Histology at BU 16004loa Histology at BU 16007loa v d e Urinary system - Kidney Layers Renal fascia Renal capsule Renal cortex Renal column Renal medulla Renal sinus, Renal pyramids, medullary interstitium Renal lobe Cortical lobule Medullary ray Nephron Afferent circulation Renal artery → Segmental arteries → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Renal corpuscle Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule Renal tubule Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle Descending, Thin ascending, Thick ascending → Distal convoluted tubule → Connecting tubule → Collecting ducts → Duct of Bellini → Renal papilla → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter Efferent circulation Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Peritubular capillaries / Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Interlobar veins → Renal vein Juxtaglomerular apparatus Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Mesangium/Extraglomerular mesangial cell Filtration Glomerular basement membrane Podocyte Filtration slits Mesangium/Intraglomerular mesangial cell Tubular fluid Renal physiology Acid base physiology Fluid balance This anatomy article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Distal_convoluted_tubule Categories: Kidney | Anatomy stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Español 日本語 This page was last modified on 3 August 2008, at 22:1
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