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20-September-2008 09:55:50 - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Redirected from Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor Jump to: navigation, search Ribbon diagram of a domestic pig DOPA decarboxylase dimer. From PDB 1JS3. DOPA decarboxylase aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Identifiers Symbol DDC Entrez 1644 HUGO 2719 OMIM 107930 RefSeq NM_000790 UniProt P20711 Other data EC number 4.1.1.28 Locus Chr. 7 p11 Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.28, synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, AAAD is a lyase enzyme. Contents 1 Reactions 2 As a rate-limiting step 3 Genetics 4 See also 5 Reference 6 External links Reactions It catalyzes several different decarboxylation reactions: L-DOPA to dopamine - a neurotransmitter 5-HTP to serotonin 5-HT - also a neurotransmitter tryptophan to tryptamine - a precursor to many alkaloids found in plants and animals The enzyme uses pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. As a rate-limiting step In normal dopamine and serotonin 5-HT neurotransmitter synthesis, AAAD is not the rate-limiting step in either reaction. However, AAAD becomes the rate-limiting step of dopamine synthesis in patients treated with L-DOPA such as in Parkinson's Disease, and the rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis in people treated with 5-HTP such as in mild depression or dysthymia. AAAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of biogenic trace amines. dopamine dopamine serotonin serotonin Genetics The gene encoding the enzyme is referred to as DDC and located on chromosome 7 in humans.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms and other gene variations have been investigated in relation to neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., a one-base pair deletion at -601 and a four-base pair deletion at 722-725 in exon 1 in relation to bipolar affective disorder2 and autism.3 See also Aromatic amino acids Reference ^ Lisa J. Scherer, John D. McPherson, John J. Wasmuth and J. Lawrence Marsh June 1992. Human dopa decarboxylase: Localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs. Genomics 13 2: 469-471. doi:10.1016/0888-75439290275-W. PMID 1612608. ^ A. D. Borglum, T. G. Bruun, T. E. Kjeldsen, H. Ewald, O. Mors, G. Kirov, C. Russ, B. Freeman, D. A. Collier T. A. Kruse November 1999. Two novel variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene: association with bipolar affective disorder. Molecular psychiatry 4 6: 545-541. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000559. PMID 10578236. ^ Marlene B. Lauritsen, Anders D. Borglum, Catalina Betancur, Anne Philippe, Torben A. Kruse, Marion Leboyer Henrik Ewald May 2002. Investigation of two variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene in patients with autism. American journal of medical genetics 114 4: 466-460. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10379. PMID 11992572. External links MeSH Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid+Decarboxylases This EC 4.1 enzyme-related article is a stub. This neuroscience article is a stub. v d e Carbon-carbon lyases EC 4.1 4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases Pyruvate decarboxylase -Oxaloacetate decarboxylase - Acetoacetate decarboxylase - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase - Glutamate decarboxylase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Lysine decarboxylase - Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase - Histidine decarboxylase - Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase - Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase - RuBisCO - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases Aldolase A/Aldolase B - 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase - Threonine aldolase 4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase v d e Metabolism: amino acid metabolism - neurotransmitter enzymes histidine→histamine anabolism: Histidine decarboxylase catabolism: Histamine N-methyltransferase - Amine oxidase tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine anabolism: Tyrosine hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Dopamine beta hydroxylase - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase catabolism: Catechol-O-methyl transferase - Monoamine oxidase glutamate→GABA anabolism: Glutamate decarboxylase catabolism: 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase - 4-aminobutyrate transaminase tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin Tryptophan hydroxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase arginine→NO Nitric oxide synthase NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3 choline→Acetylcholine anabolism: Choline acetyltransferase catabolism: Cholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase see also intermediates Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase Categories: Genes on chromosome 7 | EC 4.1 stubs | Neuroscience stubs | EC 4.1.1 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 1 August 2008, at 16:08
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