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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
20-September-2008 09:55:48 - Dose-response relationship January 2008 The Dose-response relationship describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure or doses to a stressor usually a chemical. This may apply to individuals eg: a small amount has no observable effect, a large amount is fatal, or to populations eg: how many people are affected at different levels of exposure. Studying dose response, and developing dose response models, is central to determining safe and hazardous levels and dosages for drugs, potential pollutants, and other substances to which humans are exposed. These conclusions are often the basis for public policy. When the agent is radiation instead of a drug, this is called the exposure-response relationship. Dose-response curve A dose-response curve is a simple X-Y graph relating the magnitude of a stressor e.g. concentration of a pollutant, amount of a drug, temperature, intensity of radiation to the response of the receptor e.g. organism under study. The response is usually death mortality, but other effects or endpoints can be studied. The measured dose usually in milligrams, micrograms, or grams per kilogram of body-weight is generally plotted on the X axis and the response is plotted on the Y axis. Commonly, it is the logarithm of the dose that is plotted on the X axis, and in such cases the curve is typically sigmoidal, with the steepest portion in the middle. The first point along the graph where a response above zero is reached is usually referred to as a threshold-dose. For most beneficial or recreational drugs, the desired effects are found at doses slightly greater than the threshold dose. At higher doses still, undesired side effects appear and grow stronger as the dose increases. The stronger a particular substance is, the steeper this curve will be. In quantitative situations, the Y-axis usually is designated by percentages, which refer to the percentage of users registering a standard response which is often death, when the 50% mark refers to LD50. Such a curve is referred to as a quantal dose response curve, destinguishing it from a graded dose response curve, where response is continuous. Problems exist regarding non-linear relationships between dose and response, thresholds reached and 'all-or-nothing' responses. These inconsistencies can challenge the validity of judging causality solely by the strength or presence of a dose-response relationship. See also Pharmacodynamics Spatial epidemiology EC50 IC50 Certain safety factor Schild regression hormesis Arndt-Schulz rule External links Online IC50 Calculator Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Dose-response_relationship Categories: Pharmacology | ToxicologyHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from January 2008 | All articles lacking sources Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Svenska This page was last modified on 19 August 2008, at 00:27
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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