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20-September-2008 09:55:48 - Epithelial sodium channel schematic picture of an ENaC schematic picture of an ENaC The epithelial sodium channel short: ENaC, also: sodium channel non-neuronal 1 SCNN1 or amiloride sensitive sodium channel ASSC is a membrane-bound ion-channel that is permeable for Li+-ions, protons and especially Na+-ions. It is a constitutively active ion-channel. It is arguably the most selective ion channel. Contents 1 Structure 2 Location and function 3 δ-subunit 4 Clinical significance 5 Genes 6 References 7 External links Structure ENaC consists of three different subunits: α, β, γ. The stoichometry of these subunits is still to be verified, but ENaC is very likely to be a heterotrimeric protein like the recently analyzed acid-sensing ion channel 1 ASIC1, which belongs to the same family.1 Each of the subunits consists of two transmembrane helices and an extracellular loop. The amino- and carboxy-termini of all polypeptides are located in the cytosol. Location and function ENaC is located in the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells particularly in the kidney, the lung and the colon. It is involved in the transepithelial Na+-ion transport which it accomplishes together with the Na+/K+-ATPase. It plays a major role in the Na+- and K+-ion homeostasis of blood, epithelia and extraepithelial fluids by resorption of Na+-ions. The activity of ENaC in colon and kidney is modulated by the mineralcorticoid aldosterone. It can be blocked by either triamterene or amiloride, which are used medically to serve as diuretics. ENaC can furthermore be found in taste receptor cells, where it plays an important role in salt taste perception. In rodents virtually the entire salt taste is mediated by ENaC, whereas it seems to play a less significant role in humans: about 20 percent can be accred to the epithelial sodium channel. δ-subunit In addition there is a fourth, so-called δ-subunit, that shares considerable sequence similarity with the α-subunit and can form a functional ion-channel together with the β- and γ-subunits. Such δ, β, γ-ENaC appears in pancreas, testes and ovaries. Their function is yet unknown. Clinical significance Units β and γ are associated with Liddle's syndrome.2 Amiloride and triamterene are potassium-sparing diuretics which act upon the Epithelial sodium channel. Genes SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, SCNN1D References ^ Jasti J, Furukawa H, Gonzales EB, Gouaux E 2007. Structure of acid-sensing ion channel 1 at 1.9 Å resolution and low pH. Nature 449: 316-322. doi:10.1038/nature06163. ^ Ion Channel Diseases External links MeSH Epithelial+sodium+channel v d e Membrane transport protein: ion channels Ca2+: Calcium channel Voltage-gated L-type/Cavα 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 N-type/Cavα2.2 P-type/Cavα2.1 Q-type/Cavα2.1 R-type/Cavα2.3 T-type/Cavα3.2 α2δ-subunits 1, 2 β-subunits β1, β2, β3, β4 γ-subunits γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4 Other Cation channels of sperm Inositol triphosphate receptor 1, 2, 3 Ryanodine receptor 1, 2, 3 Two-pore channel 1, 2 Na+: Sodium channel Voltage-gated Navα 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 7A Navβ 1, 2, 3, 4 Other Epithelial sodium channel α, β, γ, δ K+: Potassium channel Voltage-gated Kvα 1-6 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 Kvα 7-12 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1/hERG, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 Kvβ 1, 2, 3 KCNIP 1, 2, 3, 4 minK/ISK MiRP 1, 2, 3 Shaker gene Inward-rectifier Kir 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 GIRK/Kir 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 Kir 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1 Tandem pore domain K2P 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 M+: TRP cation channel TRPA 1 TRPC 1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7 TRPM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 TRPML 1, 2, 3 TRPP 1, 2 TRPV 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Cl-: Chloride channel CFTR CLCA 1, 2, 3, 4 CLCN 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, KA, KB CLIC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 CLNS 1A, 1B Cyclic nucleotide-gated α1, α2, α3, α4, β1, β3, H1, H2, H3, H4 Porin Aquaporin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 Voltage-dependent anion channel 1, 2, 3 Other/general Ligand-gated ion channel Voltage-gated ion channel Stretch-activated ion channel Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel Categories: Physiology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español 한국어 This page was last modified on 13 July 2008, at 12:08
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