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20-September-2008 09:55:57 - Glutamate receptor Glutamic acid Glutamic acid Glutamate receptors are transmembrane receptors located on neuron membranes. These receptors bind the neurotransmitter glutamate. Contents 1 Function 2 Types of glutamate receptors 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Function Glutamate is the most prominent neurotransmitter in the body,1 being present in over 50% of nervous tissue. The primary glutamate receptor is specifically sensitive to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA, which causes direct action of the central pore of the receptor, an ion channel, to drive the neuron to depolarize. Depolarization will trigger the firing, or action potential of the neuron, therefore NMDA is excitatory.1 Types of glutamate receptors There are two basic types of neural receptor: ionotropic, and metabotropic. 2 There are many specific subtypes of glutamate receptors, and it is customary to refer to primary subtypes by a chemical which binds to it more selectively than glutamate. The research, though, is ongoing as subtypes are identified and chemical affinities measured. There are several compounds which are routinely used in glutamate receptor research and associated with receptor subtypes: Type Name Agonists ionotropic NMDA receptor NMDA ionotropic Kainate receptor Kainate ionotropic AMPA receptor AMPA metabotropic mGluR L-AP4, ACPD, L-QA3 See also Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies References ^ a b Glutamate Receptors - Structures and Functions at bris.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2007-09-02. ^ Palmada M, Centelles J. Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain. Front Biosci 3: d701-18. PMID 9665875. ^ Ohashi H, Maruyama T, Higashi-Matsumoto H, Nomoto T, Nishimura S, Takeuchi Y 2002. A novel binding assay for metabotropic glutamate receptors using 3H L-quisqualic acid and recombinant receptors subscription required. Z Naturforsch C 57 3-4: 348-55. PMID 12064739. External links IUPHAR GPCR Database - Metabotropic glutamate receptors MeSH Glutamate+Receptors This neuroscience article is a stub. v d e Ion channel, receptor: ligand-gated ion channels Cys-loop receptors 5-HT/serotonin 5-HT3 A, B, C, D, E GABA GABA A α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, β1, β2, β3, γ1, γ2, γ3, δ, ε, Ï€, θ GABA C Ï?1, Ï?2, Ï?3 Glycine α1, α2, α3, α4, β Nicotinic acetylcholine monomers: α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, α7, α9, α10, β1, β2, β3, β4, δ, ε pentamers: α42β23, α75, α12β43 - Ganglion type, α12β1δε - Muscle type Ionotropic glutamates AMPA 1, 2, 3, 4 Kainate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 NMDA 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, L1A, L1B ATP-gated channels Purinergic receptors: P2X 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 v d e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors Class A: Rhodopsin like Adrenergic α1 A, B, D, α2 A, B, C, β1, β2, β3 Eicosanoid CysLT 1, 2, LTB4 1, 2, FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin DP, EP 1, 2, 3, 4, PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane Neuropeptide B/W 1, 2, FF 1, 2, S, Y 1, 2, 4, 5 Orphan GPR 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182 Purinergics Adenosine A1, A2a, A2b, A3, P2Y, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Serotonin all but 5-HT3 5-HT1 A, B, D, E, F, 5-HT2 A, B, C, 5-HT 4, 5A, 6, 7 Other Acetylcholine M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin C3a, C5a - Angiotensin 1, 2 - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin BRS3, GRPR, NMBR - Bradykinin B1, B2 - Cannabinoid CB1, CB2 - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin A, B - Dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 - EBI2 - Endothelin A, B - Estrogen - Formyl peptide 1, L1, L2 - Free fatty acid 1, 2, 3, 4 - FSH - Galanin 1, 2, 3 - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - Ghrelin - Histamine H1, H2, H3, H4 - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - MAS 1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4 - Melanocortin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - MCHR 1, 2 - Melatonin 1A, 1B- Motilin - neuromedin B, U 1, 2 - Neurotensin 1, 2 - Opioid Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma - Olfactory - Opsin 3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH - Orexin 1, 2 - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin 1, 2 - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated 1, 2, 3, 4 - Relaxin 1, 2, 3, 4 - Somatostatin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - SREB - Succinate - TAAR 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 - Tachykinin 1, 2, 3 - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin 1A, 1B, 2 Class B: Secretin like Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1, 2, 3 - Cadherin 1, 2, 3 - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone 1, 2 - EMR 1, 2, 3 - Glucagon GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR 56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157 - Latrophilin 1, 2, 3, ELTD1 - Parathyroid hormone 1, 2 - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide 1, 2 Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B 1, 2 - Glutamate receptor Metabotropic glutamate 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - GPRC6A - GPR 156, 158, 179 - RAIG 1, 2, 3, 4 - Taste receptors TAS1R 1, 2, 3 TAS2R 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 Frizzled / Smoothened Frizzled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - Smoothened Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Glutamate_receptor Categories: Transmembrane receptors | Neurotransmitters | Neuroscience stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Italiano 日本語 This page was last modified on 17 June 2008, at 22:26
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