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20-September-2008 09:55:48 - Hypolipidemic agent Hypolipidemic agents, or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. They are called lipid-lowering drugs LLD or agents. Contents 1 Classes of hypolipidemic drugs 1.1 Established 1.2 Investigational 2 See also Classes of hypolipidemic drugs There are several classes of hypolipidemic drugs. They may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some may lower the bad cholesterol low density lipoprotein LDL more so than others, while others may preferentially increase high density lipoprotein HDL, the good cholesterol. Clinically, the choice of an agent will depend on the patient's cholesterol profile, cardiovascular risk, and the liver and kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In the United States, this is guided by the evidence-based guideline from the National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III ATPIII. Established statins are particularly well-suited for lowering LDL, the cholesterol with the strongest links to cardiovascular diseases. In studies using standard doses, statins have been found to lower LDL-C by 18% to 55%, depending on the specific statin being used. There is a risk of severe muscle damage myopathy rhabdomyolysis with statins. fibrates are indicated for hypertriglyceridemia. Fibrates typically lower triglycerides by 20% to 50%. Level of the good cholesterol HDL is also increased. Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins. Similar to statins, there is a risk of severe muscle damage myopathy rhabdomyolysis with fibrates. niacin, like fibrates, is also well-suited for lowering triglycerides by 20-50%. It may also lower LDL by 5-25% and increase HDL by 15-35%. Niacin may cause hyperglycemia, and may also cause liver damage. bile acid sequestrants resins are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C by sequestering the cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the gut and preventing their reabsorption from the gut. It decreases LDL by 15-30% and raises HDL by 3-5%. It has little effect on triglycerides but can cause a slight increase. Bile acid sequestrants may cause gastrointestinal problems, and may also reduce the absorption of other drugs and vitamins from the gut. ezetimibe Zetia is a selective inhibitor of dietary cholesterol absorption. phytosterols may be found naturally in plants. Similar to ezetimibe, phytosterols reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut. Hence, they are most effective when consumed with meals. However, the precise mechanism of action of phytosterols differs from ezetimibe. Orlistat Xenical: Its primary function is to prevent the absorption of about 30%of fats from the human diet; thereby reducing caloric intake a drug designed to treat obesity is by inhibiting Pancreatic lipase- an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in the intestine. Investigational Investigational classes of hypolipidemic agents: CETP Inhibitors cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors are still under development. It is expected that these drugs will mainly increase HDL while lowering LDL. squalene synthase inhibitor ApoA-1 Milano AGI-1067 See also ATC code C10 v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Lipid modifying agents C10 Statins HMG-CoA reductase Atorvastatin Cerivastatin‡ Fluvastatin Lovastatin Mevastatin Pitavastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin Fibrates PPAR Clofibrate‡ Bezafibrate Aluminium clofibrate Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate Simfibrate Ronifibrate Ciprofibrate Etofibrate Clofibride Clinofibrate Bile acid sequestrants Colestyramine Colestipol Colestilan Colextran Colesevelam Niacin and derivatives Niceritrol Niacin Nicofuranose Aluminium nicotinate Nicotinyl alcohol Acipimox CETP inhibitors Anacetrapib† Torcetrapib§ Combinations Niacin/lovastatin Niacin/simvastatin Ezetimibe/simvastatin Other Dextrothyroxine Probucol Tiadenol Benfluorex Meglutol Omega-3-triglycerides Magnesium pyridoxal 5-phosphate glutamate Policosanol Ezetimibe Laropiprant Lapaquistat§ †Undergoing clinical trials. ‡Withdrawn from market. §Development terminated. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Hypolipidemic_agent Categories: Hypolipidemic agents Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Magyar 日本語 Português ไทย Türkçe This page was last modified on 21 July 2008, at 01:2
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