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20-September-2008 09:55:56 - Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine Systematic IUPAC name S-2,6-diamino-N-S-1-phenylpropan-2-ylhexanamide Identifiers CAS number 608137-32-2 ATC code ? PubChem 11597697 Chemical data Formula C15H25N3O Mol. mass 263.378 g/mol Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability ? Metabolism Hepatic Half life 1 hour prodrug molecule Excretion Renal: ~2% Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. C Legal status Schedule IIUS Routes Oral Lisdexamfetamine L-lysine-d-amphetamine is an inactive molecule prodrug brand name Vyvanse consisting of the psychostimulant d-amphetamine coupled with the essential amino acid L-lysine. Lisdexamfetamine was developed so that the psychostimulant is released and activated more slowly as the prodrug molecule is hydrolyzed-consequently cleaving off the amino acid-during the first pass through the intestines and/or the liver. Essentially, this makes lisdexamfetamine an extended-release formulation of d-amphetamine; however, the release characteristics are integral to the molecule itself, rather than simply the pill construction. Vyvanse is the dimesylate salt of lisdexamfetamine marketed by Shire Pharmaceuticals. Vyvanse is FDA approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in pediatric patients ages 6-12, and in adults. Vyvanse pills are available in dosages of up to 70mg. Not only does Shire aspire to have Vyvanse replace Adderall XR as their flagship ADHD product, they also have their marketing target set at 50% of the ADHD pharmaceutical market share. Shire will be applying for European approval for the treatment of adolescents and adult ADHD patients, and for adolescent FDA approval. Unlike Adderall, which contains roughly 75% d-amphetamine and 25% l-amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine is a single-enantiomer amphetamine formulation. Certain individuals exhibit a better clinical response to the mixed isomer preparation, thus they will likely continue to use Adderall XR or equivalent generics. 25 mg of Vyvanse capsule is molecularly equivalent to 10 mg Dexedrine Spansules both the aforementioned pharmaceuticals are about 7.425 mg dextroamphetamine, although 20mg is the weakest dose of Vyvanse available. However, this molecular equivalence is not a bioequivalence ratio. While the AUC for the aforementioned pharmaceuticals is equivalent, the peak exposure of dextroamphetamine with Vyvanse is about 50% higher than that of dexedrine with Dexedrine Spansules.1 In human oral abuse-liability studies, 150 mg Vyvanse produced a likeability-euphoric effect-that was determined to be indistinguishable from 200 mg of the Schedule IV drug diethylpropion hydrochloride or 40 mg of dextroamphetamine.2 70mg Vyvanse capsules 70mg Vyvanse capsules On January 3rd, 2008, Shire Pharmaceuticals announced that the FDA approved three new dosage strengths of 20, 40, and 60 milligrams. These new dosages will supplement the 30, 50, and 70 milligram dosages that are already available.3 On April 23rd, 2008, Vyvanse received FDA approval for the adult population.4 Notes and references ^ FDA Approval of Vyvanse - Pharmacological Reviews ^ VyvstdfullPILDXPI9 Page 1 ^ Shire: FDA OKs new Vyvanse dosages - Boston.com ^ FDA Adult Approval of Vyvanse - FDA Label and Approval History http://www.vyvanse.com v d e Stimulants Alkylamines Cyclopentamine Geranamine Isometheptene Octodrine Propylhexedrine Tuamine Alphapyrrolidinylalkiophenones α-PPP MDPPP MDPV MPBP MPHP MPPP MOPPP Pyrovalerone Cholinergics ABT-089 ABT-418 Anabasine Arecoline Cotinine Cytisine Dianicline Epibatidine Epiboxidine GTS-21 Ispronicline Nicotine Rivanicline Tebanicline Varenicline Convulsants Bicuculline DMCM Gabazine Pentetrazol Picrotoxin Strychnine Thujone Eugeroics Adrafinil Armodafinil Carphedon Modafinil Phenethylamines 4-Bromomethcathinone 4-Fluoroamphetamine 4-Fluoromethamphetamine 4-Fluoromethcathinone 4-Methylmethcathinone 4-MTA Aletamine Amfepentorex Amphechloral Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine, Adderall Amphetaminil Benzphetamine Bupropion Cathinone Chlorphentermine Clenbuterol Clobenzorex Clortermine Diethylpropion Dimethoxyamphetamine Dimethylamphetamine Dimethylcathinone Ephedrine Epinephrine Ethcathinone Ethylamphetamine Fenethylline Fenfluramine Fenproporex Fludorex Furfenorex Levomethamphetamine Lisdexamfetamine MDMA Mefenorex Methamphetamine Methcathinone Methoxyphedrine Methylone Octopamine Ortetamine Parahydroxyamphetamine PCA PIA PMA PMEA PMMA PPAP Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Phentermine Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Selegiline Synephrine Tiflorex Xylopropamine Phenylaminooxazoles 4-Methyl-aminorex Aminorex Clominorex Fenozolone Fluminorex Pemoline Thozalinone Piperazines 2C-B-BZP BZP GBR-12783 GBR-12935 GBR-13069 GBR-13098 GBR-13119 MeOPP MBZP Vanoxerine Piperidines 2-Benzylpiperidine Desoxypipradrol Diphemethoxidine Ethylphenidate HDMP-28 --Methyl-1-methyl-4β-2-naphthylpiperidine-3β-carboxylate Methylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate Nocaine Phacetoperane Pipradrol Tropanes 3α-Bis-4-fluorophenylmethoxytropane 3α-4-Chlorophenylphenylmethoxytropane 3-Pseudotropyl-4-fluorobenzoate Altropane IACFT Brasofensine CFT WIN 35,428 β-CIT RTI-55 Cocaethylene Cocaine β-CPPIT Dichloropane RTI-111 Difluoropine FE-β-CPPIT FP-β-CPPIT PIT PTT RTI-31 RTI-32 RTI-51 RTI-112 RTI-113 RTI-121 IPCIT RTI-126 RTI-150 RTI-171 RTI-177 RTI-336 Tesofensine Troparil β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2 WF-23 WF-33 WF-60 Xanthines Aminophylline Caffeine Dimethazan Paraxanthine Theobromine Theophylline Others Amineptine Bemegride Benzydamine BPAP Bromantane BTQ Clofenciclan Cypenamine Cyprodenate Diclofensine Dimethocaine Diphenyl prolinol Ethamivan Fencamfamine Feprosidnine Gilutensin GYKI-52895 Hexacyclonate Indanorex Indatraline LR-5182 Mazindol Mesocarb Naphthylisopropylamine Nikethamide Nomifensine Phthalimidopropiophenone Prolintane Sibutramine Yohimbine Zylofuramine See also Sympathomimetic amines Tablets This pharmacology-related article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine Categories: Amphetamines | Pharmacology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 25 July 2008, at 04:59
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