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20-September-2008 09:55:54 - MNS antigen system The MNS antigen system is a human blood group system based upon genes on chromosome 4. There are over 40 antigens in the system, but the five most important are called M, N, S, s, and U. The antibodies for all five have been associated with transfusion reactions. The system can be thought of as two separate groups: the M and N antigens are at one location on the ECM and S, s, and U are on a closely related location. The two groups are very close together on the chromosome and are typically inherited together. Contents 1 The MN group 2 The U and Ss groups 3 Other MNS antigens 4 External links 5 References The MN group M+ and N+ are common 75% of population and M+N+ is the most common genotype 50% of population. These were an early discovery and are some of the oldest blood antigens known after the ABO system. They were first described by Landsteiner and Levine in 1927. Anti-M and anti-N antigens are rarely associated with transfusion reactions. Anti-N is sometimes seen in dialysis patients due to cross-reactions with the residual formaldehyde from sterilizing the equipment. This is usually irrelevant for transfusion since this variant of the antibody does not react at body temperature. The U and Ss groups The S antigen is relatively common ~55% of the population and the s antigen is very common ~89% of the population. Anti-S and anti-s will usually cause transfusion reactions if an incompatible unit is transfused. The U antigen is extremely common 99.9% of the population, and the U was originally short for Universal. It is not universal, and the U- phenotype is sometimes present in people of African descent with a mutation in red cell surface structure that also makes them S- and s-. This mutation and similar ones that result in lack of common MNS antigens appear to provide some resistance to malaria. Anti-U has been associated with both HDN and HTR. Other MNS antigens The other 35 identified antigens in the MNS group are either extremely rare, such as He 0.8% of the population or extremely common, such as ENa 99.9% of the population. External links MNS at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH References Mark E. Brecher, or 2005, AABB Technical Manual, fifteenth ion, Bethesda, MD: AABB, ISBN 1-56935-19607, p.336-340 Denise M. Harmening 1999, Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, Philadephia, PA: F.A. Davis Company, p.164-169 v d e Transfusion medicine General concepts Apheresis Plasmapheresis, Plateletpheresis, Leukapheresis - Blood transfusion - Coombs test - Cross-matching - Exchange transfusion - International Society of Blood Transfusion - Intraoperative blood salvage - ISBT 128 - Transfusion reactions Human blood group systems - Blood type ABO - Chido-Rodgers - Colton - Cromer - Diego - Dombrock - Duffy - Gerbich - GIL - Hh - Ii - Indian - JMH - Kell Xk - Kidd - Knops - LW - Lewis - Lutheran - MNS - OK - P - Raph - Rh - Scianna - T-Tn - Xg - Yt - Other Blood products Blood donation - Blood substitutes - Cryoprecipitate - Platelets - Plasma - Red blood cells - Whole blood Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/MNS_antigen_system Categories: Blood | Hematology | Transfusion medicine | Blood antigen systems Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Svenska This page was last modified on 9 August 2008, at 21:01
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