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20-September-2008 09:55:54 - Morpheme Redirected from Morphemes In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. In spoken language, morphemes are composed of phonemes the smallest linguistically distinctive units of sound, and in written language morphemes are composed of graphemes the smallest units of written language. The concept morpheme differs from the concept word, as many morphemes cannot stand as words on their own. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme. Its actual phonetic representation is the morph, with the morphs representing the same morpheme being grouped as its allomorphs. English example: The word unbreakable has three morphemes: un-, a bound morpheme; break, a free morpheme; and -able, a bound morpheme. un- is also a prefix, -able is a suffix. Both un- and -able are affixes. The morpheme plural-s has the morph -s, IPA: s, in cats kæts, but -es, ɪz, in dishes dɪʃɪz, and even the voiced -s, z, in dogs dÉ’gz. -s might even turn into -ren rɪn in children. Contents 1 Types of morphemes 1.1 Other variants 2 Morphological analysis 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Types of morphemes Free morphemes like town, and dog can appear with other lexemes as in town hall or dog house or they can stand alone, i.e. free. Bound morphemes or affixes like un- appear only together with other morphemes to form a lexeme. Bound morphemes in general tend to be prefixes and suffixes. Unproductive, non-affix morphemes that exist only in bound form are known as cranberry morphemes, from the cran in that very word. Derivational morphemes can be added to a word to create derive another word: the addition of -ness to happy, for example, to give happiness. They carry semantic information. Inflectional morphemes modify a word's tense, number, aspect, and so on as in the dog morpheme if written with the plural marker morpheme -s becomes dogs. They carry grammatical information. Allomorphs are variants of a morpheme, e.g. the plural marker in English is sometimes realized as -z, -s or -ɪz. Other variants Null morpheme Root morpheme Word stem Morphological analysis In natural language processing for Japanese, Chinese and other languages, morphological analysis is a process of segmenting given sentence into a row of morphemes. It is closely related to Part-of-speech tagging, but word segmentation is required for these languages because word boundaries are not indicated by blank spaces. Famous Japanese morphological analysers include Juman, ChaSen and Mecab. See also Look up morpheme in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. International Phonetic Alphabet Hybrid word Alternation linguistics Lexeme Morphophonology Chereme Grapheme Phoneme Sememe Floating tone Theoretical linguistics Marker linguistics Morphological parsing References Spencer, Andrew 1992. Morphological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. External links Glossary of Reading Terms Comprehensive and searchable morpheme reference Linguistics 001 - Lecture 7 - Morphology by Prof. Mark Lieberman Morphemes - A New Threat to Society: A humorous look at morphemes. Accurate, but purposely confuses morphemes with narcotics i.e., morphine. Morpheme Study Aid Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Morpheme Categories: Units of linguistic morphology | Greek loanwords Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한êµì–´ Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Ido Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Kurdî / كوردی Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Novial Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÄ?ina Suomi Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька Vèneto Walon 䏿–‡ This page was last modified on 19 August 2008, at 18:47
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