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20-September-2008 09:55:58 - Ranitidine Ranitidine Systematic IUPAC name E-N-2-5-dimethylaminomethyl furan-2-ylmethylthioethyl- N'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine Identifiers CAS number 66357-35-5 ATC code A02BA02 PubChem 3001055 DrugBank APRD00254 Chemical data Formula C13H22N4O3S Mol. mass 314.4 g/mol Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 39 to 88% Metabolism Hepatic Half life 2-3 hours Excretion 30-70% Renal Therapeutic considerations Licence data US Pregnancy cat. B1AU Legal status Pharmacy Only S2AU OTCUS P/POM UK Routes Oral, IV Ranitidine INN pronounced /rəˈnɪtɨdiË?n/ is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. It is commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease PUD and gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD. It is currently marketed over the counter under the trade name Zinetac and Zantac by GlaxoSmithKline and by many other companies under various other names. Contents 1 Clinical use 2 History and development 3 References 4 External links Clinical use Main article: H2-receptor antagonist Certain preparations of ranitidine are available over the counter OTC in various countries. In the United States, 75 mg and 150 mg tablets are available OTC. In Australia, packs containing 7 or 14 doses of the 150 mg tablet are available in supermarkets, small packs of 150 mg and 300 mg tablets are Schedule 2 Pharmacy Medicines. Larger doses and pack sizes still require a prescription. Outside of the United States, ranitidine is combined with bismuth which acts as a mild antibiotic as a citrate salt ranitidine bismuth citrate, Tritec, to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. This combination is usually given with clarithromycin, an antibiotic. History and development Ranitidine was developed by Glaxo now GlaxoSmithKline in an effort to match the success of Smith, Kline French also now GlaxoSmithKline with the first histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. Ranitidine was the result of a rational drug-design process using what was by then a fairly refined model of the histamine H2-receptor and quantitative structure-activity relationships QSAR. Glaxo refined the model further by replacing the imidazole-ring of cimetidine with a furan-ring with a nitrogen-containing substituent, and in doing so developed ranitidine. Ranitidine was found to have a far-improved tolerability profile i.e. fewer adverse drug reactions, longer-lasting action, and ten times the activity of cimetidine. Ranitidine has 10% the affinity that cimetidine has to P450 so it causes fewer side effects, but other H2 blockers Famotidine and Nizatidine have no CYP450 significant interactions.1 Ranitidine was introduced in 1981 and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1988. It has since largely been superseded by the even more effective proton pump inhibitors, with omeprazole becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years. References ^ Goodman and Gilman's page 972 11th addition External links 1 - Consumer information on Zantac from the manufacturer. v d e Histamine antagonists H1 or non-selective Alkylamines Bepotastine Bamipine Brompheniramine Chlorpheniramine Dexbrompheniramine Dexchlorpheniramine Dimethindene Metron S Pheniramine Pyrrobutamine Talastine Thenaldine Tolpropamine Triprolidine Ethanolamines Aminoalkyl ethers Bietanautine Bromazine/Bromodiphenhydramine Carbinoxamine Chlorphenoxamine Clemastine Diphenylpyraline Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Embramine p-Methyldiphenhydramine Moxastine Orphenadrine Phenyltoloxamine Setastine Ethylenediamines Chloropyramine Chlorothen Histapyrrodine Methafurylene Mepyramine Methapyrilene Pyrilamine Talastine Thenyldiamine Thonzylamine Tripelennamine Pyribenzamine Phenothiazine Tricyclics Ahistan Etymemazine Hydroxyethylpromethazine Isopromethazine Isothipendyl Mequitazine Methdilazine Oxomemazine Promethazine Thiazinamium Other Tricyclics Azatadine Clobenzepam Cyproheptadine Deptropine Isothipendyl Loratidine Piperazine Buclizine Chlorcyclizine Cinnarizine Clocinizine Hydroxyzine Niaprazine Oxatomide Benzhydryl compounds Cyclizine, Meclizine Others including selective, 2nd gen, 3rd gen Antazoline Astemizole Azatadine Azelastine Bepottastine Bamipine Cetoxine Clemizole Clobenztropine Deptropine Desloratadine Dimebon Ebastine Emedastine Epinastine Ketotifen Levocabastine Loratadine Mebhydrolin Mizolastine Phenindamine Pimethixene Pyrrobutamine Rupatadine Thenalidine Tritoqualine Alkylamine Acrivastine Tricyclic Olopatadine Piperazine Levocetirizine, Cetirizine Benzhydryl compounds Fexofenadine, Terfenadine H2 Cimetidine Famotidine Ranitidine Roxatidine Lafutidine Niperotidine Nizatidine H3 A-349,821 ABT-239 Burimamide Ciproxifan Clobenpropit Conessine Impentamine Iodophenpropit Thioperamide VUF-5681 H4 JNJ 7777120 Thioperamide VUF-6002 v d e Drugs for acid related disorders: Drugs for peptic ulcer and GERD/GORD A02B H2 antagonists Cimetidine, Famotidine, Lafutidine, Niperotidine, Nizatidine, Ranitidine, Roxatidine Prostaglandins/analogues Misoprostol, Enprostil Proton pump inhibitors Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole, Tenatoprazole Other Carbenoxolone, Cetraxate, Sucralfate, Pirenzepine, Troxipide Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Ranitidine Categories: H2 receptor antagonists | Furans | Nitro compounds Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Hrvatski Italiano Magyar Nederlands Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий ไทย ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 5 August 2008, at 13:52
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