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20-September-2008 09:55:49 - sodium reabsorption Renal reabsorption of sodium Na+ is a part of renal physiology. It uses Na-H antiport, Na-glucose symport, sodium ion channels minor1. It is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone, and inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide. It is very efficient, since more than 25.000 mmoles/day of sodium is filtered into the nephron, but only ~100 mmoles/day, or less than 0.4% remains in the final urine. Contents 1 Proximal tubule 2 Loop of Henle 3 Distal tubule 4 Collecting duct 4.1 Regulation 5 Overview table 6 References Proximal tubule Most of the reabsorption 65% occurs in the proximal tubule. In the latter part it is favoured by an electrochemical driving force, but initially it needs the cotransporter SGLT and the Na-H antiporter. Water is absorbed to the same degree, resulting in the concentration in the end of the proximal tubule being the same as in the beginning. In other words, the absorption in the proximal tubule is isosmotic. Loop of Henle Sodium is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, by Na-K-2Cl symporter and Na-H antiporter. It goes against its chemical driving force, but the high electrical driving force renders the overall electrochemical driving force positive anyway, availing some sodium to diffuse passively either the transcellular or paracellular way. Distal tubule In the distal convoluted tubule sodium is transported against an electrochemical gradient by sodium-chloride symporters. Collecting duct The principal cells are the sodium-transporting cells in the collecting duct system. Regulation Although only a fragment of total reabsorption happens here, it is the main part of intervention. This is e.g. done by endogenous production of aldosterone, increasing reabsorption. Since the normal excretion rate of sodium is ~100mmoles/day, then a regulation of the absorption of still more than 1000 mmoles/day entering the collecting duct system has a substantial influence of the total sodium excreted. Overview table Characteristics of Na+ reabsorption Characteristic proximal tubule loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct system S1 S2 S3 descending limb thin ascending limb thick ascending limb connecting tubule initial collecting tubule cortical collecting ducts medullary collecting ducts reabsorption % 67%2 25%2 5%2 3%2 reabsorption mmoles/day ~17,0002 ~6,4002 ~1,3002 ~7002 Concentration mM 1423 1423 1003 703 403 electrical driving force mV -33 +33 +153 -5 to +53 -403 chemical driving force mV 03 03 -93 -193 -343 electrochemical driving force mV -33 +33 +63 -24 to -143 -743 apical transport proteins SGLT, Na-H antiporter4 passively Na-K-2Cl symporter Na-H antiporter4 and passively sodium-chloride symporter4 ENaC4 basolateral transport proteins Na+/K+-ATPase4 Other reabsorption features isosmotic by principal cells, stimulated by aldosterone References ^ VI. Mechanisms of Salt Water Reabsorption ^ a b c d e f g h Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 776 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 777 ^ a b c d e Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 778 v d e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology Filtration Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange Hormones affecting filtration Antidiuretic hormone ADH - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide Secretion/clearance Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications Reabsorption Solvent drag - Na+ - Cl- - urea - glucose - oligopeptides - protein Endocrine Renin - Erythropoietin EPO - Calcitriol Active vitamin D - Prostaglandins Assessing Renal function/ Measures of dialysis Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio Acid base physiology Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas Buffering/compensation Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Renal_sodium_reabsorption Categories: Physiology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 18 May 2008, at 21:34
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