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20-September-2008 09:55:55 - Toponymy Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names toponyms, their origins, meanings, use and typology. The first part of the word is derived from the Greek tópos τόπος, place; followed by ónoma ὄνομα, meaning name. It is itself a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds. A toponym is a name of a locality, region, or some other part of Earth's surface, including natural features such as streams and artificial ones such as cities. In ethnology, a toponym is a name derived from a place or a region. In anatomy, a toponym is a name of a region of the body, as distinguished from the name of an organ. In biology, a toponym is a binomial name of a plant. Contents 1 Toponymists 2 Noted toponymists 3 See also 3.1 Related concepts 3.2 Toponymy 3.3 Regional toponymy 3.4 Other 4 Notes 5 External links Toponymists A toponymist is one who studies toponymy. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word toponymist first appears somewhere towards the middle of the nineteenth century. It can be argued that the first toponymists were the storytellers and poets who explained the origin of certain place names in order to elucidate their tales; sometimes place-names served as the basis for the legends themselves. The process of folk etymology usually took over, whereby a false meaning was extracted from a name based on its structure or sounds. Thus, the toponym of Hellespont was explained by Greek poets as being named after Helle, daughter of Athamas, who drowned here as she crossed it with her brother Phrixus on a flying golden ram. The name, however, most likely is derived from an older language, such as Pelasgian, which was unknown to those who explained its origin. George R. Stewart theorized, in his book Names on the Globe, that Hellespont originally meant something like narrow Pontus or entrance to Pontus, Pontus being an ancient name for the region around the Black Sea, and by extension, for the sea itself.1 Toponymists attempt to approximate the original meaning of a place-name, their conclusions often competing with popular or spurious etymologies that may sound more poetic or attractive to tourists. Thus, the river-name Mississippi is popularly claimed to mean Father of Waters though it may mean simply Big River, and the state name Idaho was said to mean Gem of the Mountains though it is merely an invented name. Scholars have found that toponyms provide valuable insight into the historical geography of a particular region. As long ago as 1954 F. M. Powicke said of place-name study that it uses, enriches and tests the discoveries of archaeology and history and the rules of the philologists.2 Toponyms not only illustrate ethnic settlement patterns, but they can also help identify discrete periods of immigration.34 Toponymists are sometimes used by governments in order to verify the accuracy of certain names as used by cartographers, the media, researchers, publishers, and their duties also include the inputting of new names into databases and topographical maps. Noted toponymists George Broderick5 John McNeil Dodgson Eilert Ekwall Margaret Gelling Gillian Fellows Jensen Oliver Padel Robert L. Ramsay Henry Schoolcraft Albert Hugh Smith George R. Stewart Isaac Taylor William J. Watson See also Related concepts Etymology Onomastics Demonymy Ethnonymy Toponymy NB for 'etymology' in below links, read 'toponymy' Place name origins Planetary Nomenclature List of continent name etymologies List of country name etymologies List of etymologies of country subdivision names Hydronymy List of river name etymologies Old European hydronymy Latin names of European rivers Latin names of rivers Regional toponymy Historical African place names Names of European cities in different languages List of Latin place names in Europe Roman place names British toponymy List of generic forms in British place names Etymological list of counties of the United Kingdom List of places in the United Kingdom List of Roman place names in Britain List of British places with Latin names Welsh placenames Place names in Irish Japanese place names Korean toponymy and list of place names Maghreb toponymy New Zealand place names Place names in Sri Lanka List of English exonyms for German toponyms List of U.S. state name etymologies List of U.S. state nicknames List of U.S. place names connected to Sweden Toponyms of Finland Other List of political entities named after people List of places named after peace List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations List of adjectival forms of place names List of double placenames List of words derived from toponyms List of tautological place names Place names considered unusual List of places named after Lenin List of places named after Stalin Notes ^ Stewart, George Rippey 1975. Names on the Globe. ^ Powicke, reviewing Armstrong, Mawer, Stenton and Dickins The Place-Names of Cumberland 1950-53 in The English Historical Review 69 April 1954, p 312. ^ McDavid, R.I. 1958. Linguistic Geographic and Toponymic Research. Names 6: pp. 65-73. ^ Kaups, M. 1966. Finnish Place Names in Minnesota: A Study in Cultural Transfe. The Geographical Review 56 56: pp. 377-397. doi:10.2307/212463. ^ http://www.george-broderick.de/iom_docs/iom_introduction-to-celtic-studies.htm Retrieved Mar 05 2008 Isle of Man toponyms External links Who Was Who in North American Name Study Forgotten Toponymy Board under construction Placename indexes The origins of British place names An Index to the Historical Place Names of Cornwall Planetary Maps: Visualization and Nomenclature Cartographica 41/2 2006 Development of a Local Toponym System at the Mars Desert Research Station Cartographica 42/2 2007 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Toponymy Categories: Place names | Toponymy Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БеларуÑ?каÑ? БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Esperanto Español Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Galego Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Plattdüütsch Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina Basa Sunda Svenska Türkçe Walon ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 20 August 2008, at 23:04
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