Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
08-SEPTEMBER-2008 09:13:22 - Eicosapentaenoic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid IUPAC name 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-icosa- 5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid Identifiers CAS number 1553-41-9 SMILES CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC=OO Properties Molecular formula C20H30O2 Molar mass 302.451 g/mol Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 °C, 100 kPa Infobox references Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:5n-3. It also has the trivial name timnodonic acid. In chemical structure, EPA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and five cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. EPA and its metabolites act in the body largely by their interactions with the metabolites of arachidonic acid; see Essential fatty acid interactions for detail. EPA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that acts as a precursor for prostaglandin-3 which inhibits platelet aggregation, thromboxane-3, and leukotriene-5 groups all eicosanoids. Contents 1 Sources 2 Clinical significance 3 See also 4 References Sources It is obtained in the human diet by eating oily fish or fish oil-cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden and sardine. It is also found in human breast milk. However, fish do not naturally produce EPA, but obtain it from the algae they consume.1 It is available from some non-animal sources-spirulina and microalgae. Microalgae are being developed as a commercial source.2 EPA is not usually found in higher plants, but it has been reported in trace amounts in purslane.3 Microalgae, and supplements derived from it, are excellent alternative sources of EPA and other fatty acids, since fish often contain toxins due to pollution.1 The human body can and in case of a purely vegetarian diet often must, unless the aforementioned algae or supplements derived from them are consumed also convert α-linolenic acid ALA to EPA, but this is much less efficient than the resorption of EPA from food containing it, and ALA is itself an essential fatty acid, an appropriate supply of which must be ensured. Because EPA is also a precursor to docosahexaenoic acid DHA, ensuring a sufficient level of EPA on a diet containing neither EPA nor DHA is harder both because of the extra metabolic work required to synthesize EPA and because of the use of EPA to metabolize DHA. Medical conditions like diabetes or certain allergies may significantly limit the human body's capacity for metabolization of EPA from ALA.4 Clinical significance The US National Institute of Health's MedlinePlus lists a large number of conditions in which EPA alone or in concert with other ω-3 sources is known or thought to be effective.5 Most of these involve its ability to lower inflammation. Among omega-3 fatty acids, in particular EPA is thought to possess beneficial potential in mental conditions, such as schizophrenia.67 Several studies report an additional reduction in scores on symptom scales used to assess the severity of symptoms, when additional EPA is taken. Recent studies have suggested that EPA may affect depression, and importantly, suicidal behavior. One such study,8 took blood samples of 100 suicide-attempt patients and compared the blood samples to those of controls and found that levels of Eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly lower in the washed red blood cells of the suicide-attempt patients. EPA has inhibitory effect on CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 hepatic enzymes. At high dose, it may also inhibit the activity of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, important enzymes involved in drug metabolism.9 See also Chlorella Cyanobacteria Docosahexaenoic acid List of omega-3 fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Snake oil Wakame References Salmon is a rich source of EPA. Salmon is a rich source of EPA. ^ a b Yvonne Bishop-Weston. Plant based sources of vegan vegetarian Docosahexaenoic acid - DHA and Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA Essential Fats. Retrieved on 2008-08-05. ^ Jess Halliday 12/01/2007. Water 4 to introduce algae DHA/EPA as food ingredient. Retrieved on 2007-02-09. ^ Simopoulos, Artemis P 2002. Omega-3 fatty acids in wild plants, nuts and seeds dead link. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11 s6: S163-S173. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s.6.5. inactive 2008-06-22. Retrieved on 2007-02-09. ^ Plant based sources of vegan Vegetarian DHA EPA and Omega 3 essential fatty acids ^ NIH Medline Plus. MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid. Retrieved on February 14, 2006. ^ Peet M, Brind J, Ramchand CN, Shah S, Vankar GK 2001. Two double-blind placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 49 3: 243-51. doi:10.1016/S0920-99640000083-9. PMID 11356585. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. ^ Song C., Zhao S. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. A new treatment for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of clinical investigations. University of Prince Edward Island, Department of Biomedical Sciences, AVC, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada. cai.song@nrc.gc.ca Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Oct;1610:1627-38. Pub-Med ^ Huan M, Hamazaki K, Sun Y, Itomura M, Liu H, Kang W, Watanabe S, Terasawa K, Hamazaki T. 2004. Suicide attempt and n-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cells: a case control study in China abstract. Biological psychiatry 56 7: 490-6. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.028. PMID 1540784. ^ Yao HT, Chang YW, Lan SJ, Chen CT, Hsu JT, Yeh TK 2006. The inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on human CYP enzymes. Life Sci. 79 26: 2432-40. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.08.016. PMID 16978661. v d e Autacoids, unsaturated fatty acids: Eicosanoids Prostanoids Prostaglandins - Thromboxanes A2, B2 Leukotrienes A4 - B4 - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis C4, D4, E4 Other Arachidonic acids - Eicosapentaenoic acid - Lipoxins v d e Lipids: fatty acids Saturated Butyric Hexanoic Caprylic Decanoic Lauric Myristic Palmitic Stearic Arachidic Behenic Lignoceric n-3 Unsaturated α-Linolenic Stearidonic Eicosapentaenoic Docosahexaenoic n-6 Unsaturated Linoleic γ-Linolenic Dihomo-γ-linolenic Arachidonic n-9 Unsaturated Oleic Erucic Nervonic Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Eicosapentaenoic_acid Categories: Fatty acids | Carboxylic acidsHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | May 2008 | Pages with DOIs broken since 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Dansk Deutsch Español Français Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Svenska This page was last modified on 21 August 2008, at 22:59
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.