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08-SEPTEMBER-2008 09:13:22 - Oily fish fisheries fishing fish types filter feeder demersal fish bottom feeder groundfish whitefish oily fish rough fish finfish shellfish crustaceans echinoderms commercial fishing I N D E X This box: view talk Not to be confused with Oilfish. Oily fish, oil-rich fish or pelagic fish are those fish which have oils throughout the fillet and in the belly cavity around the gut, rather than only in the liver like white fish. Oily fish fillets may contain up to 30 percent oil, although this figure varies both within and between species. Oily fish generally swim in the pelagic zones of the oceans and are usually cold water fish while white fish are warm water fish. Oily fish are a good source of Vitamins A and D as well as being rich in omega 3 fatty acids white fish also contain the same nutrients but at a much lower level1. For this reason the consumption of oily fish can be more beneficial to humans than white fish, particularly concerning cardiovascular diseases2, but oily fish are known to carry higher levels of contaminants than white fish3. Amongst other benefits, studies suggest that the omega 3 fatty acids in oily fish may help sufferers of depression, reduce the likelihood of heart disease and improve inflammatory conditions such as arthritis.citation needed Contents 1 Research 1.1 Dementia 1.2 Cardiovascular health 2 Recommended consumption 3 Oils from fish or plants as a source of omega-3 fatty acids 4 References 5 External links Research Dementia French research published in 2002 in the British Medical Journal followed 1,674 elderly residents of southern France for seven years, studying their consumption of meat versus seafood and the presence of dementia symptoms. The conclusion was that people who ate fish at least once a week had a significantly lower risk of being diagnosed with dementia over a seven-year period,4 though the study was uncertain if fish consumption protected against dementia, or if dementia prevented the participants from consuming more fish. Individuals with higher education also had a lower risk of dementia and higher consumption of fish, and the relationship between the three factors is uncertain. Cardiovascular health Consuming oily fish twice per week may also help prevent sudden death due to myocardial infarction by preventing cardiac arrhythmia.5 The eicosapentaenoic acid found in fish oils appears to dramatically reduce inflammation through conversion within the body to resolvins, with beneficial effects for the cardiovascular system and arthritis.6 Recommended consumption April 2007 In 1994, the UK Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy COMA recommended that people should eat at least two portions of fish per week, one of which should be oily fish. In 2004 the UK Food Standards Agency published advice on the recommended minimum and maximum quantities of oily fish to be eaten per week, to balance the beneficial qualities of the Omega 3 fatty acids against the potential dangers of ingesting methylmercury MeHg. The EPAs Exposure Reference Dose RfI for MeHg is 0.1 micrograms per kg body weight per day. The corresponding limit of blood mercury is 5.8 micrograms per liter. The recommendations on maximum consumption of oily fish were up to four portions 1 portion = 140g, or approx 4.9 ounces a week for men, boys, and women past childbearing age, and up to two portions a week for women of childbearing age, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, and girls. There is no recommended limit on the consumption of white fish. The United States Environmental Protection Agency EPAand the USDA current guidelines as of 2007 sets a limit only on consumption of fatty fish with greater than one part per million of methylmercury. Specifically tilefish, king mackrel, shark and swordfish and some fish caught in local waters. There are limits, however, for nursing/pregnant women and children under the age of 6. This population should completely avoid high MeHg fish those listed above and limit consumption of moderate and low MeHg fish to less than or equal to 12oz per week. Albacore tuna should be limited to 6 oz or less per week. info available at: www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/states.htm Oils from fish or plants as a source of omega-3 fatty acids Concerns about contamination, diet or supply have led to investigation of plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids, notably flax and hempseed oil. Lactating women who supplemented their diet with flaxseed oil showed increases in blood and breastmilk concentration of alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid but no changes to concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid.7 References ^ http://www.clinicalanswers.nhs.uk/index.cfm?question=7159 ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12416851.600-oily-fish-helps-heart-attack-victims-to-live-longer-.html ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/get_cooking/cooks_guide/fish.shtml ^ Barberger-Gateau, P; Letenneur L, Deschamps V, Pérès K, Dartigues JF Renaud S 2002. Fish, meat, and risk of dementia: cohort study. British Medical Journal 325 7370: 932-3. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7370.932. PMID 12399342. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. ^ leaf, A.; Kang, J.X., Xiao, Y. Billman, G 2003. Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation 107: 2646-52. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000069566.78305.33. PMID 12782616. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. ^ Arita, M.; Bianchini F, Aliberti J, Sher A, Chiang N, Hong S, Yang R, Petasis NA Serhan CN 2005. Stereochemical assignment, antiinflammatory properties, and receptor for the omega-3 lipid mediator resolvin E1. Journal of Experimental Medicine 201 5: 713-22. doi:10.1084/jem.20042031. PMID 15753205. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. ^ Francois, C.A.; Connor, S.L. Bolewicz, L.C. Connor, W.E. 2003. Supplementing lactating women with flaxseed oil does not increase docosahexaenoic acid in their milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77 1: 226-233. PMID 12499346. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7 External links Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications American Journal of Clinical Nutrition What's an oily fish? from the UK Foods Standards Agency Get smart: eat oily fish on a sensible scale from the Times BUPA article on oily fish George Monbiot on the environmental problems of sourcing omega-3 from fish v d e Fisheries and fishing Fisheries Fisheries science · Management · Quota · Wild · Habitats · Farmed · Aquaculture · Fish types Fishing Fishing history · Fishing vessels · Environment Industry Commercial fishing · Processing · Products · Marketing · Markets Recreational Angling · Game fishing · Fly fishing Techniques Gathering · Spearfishing · Line fishing · Netting · Trawling · Trapping · Other Tackle Hook · Line · Sinker · Rod · Bait · Lures · Artificial flies · Bite alarms Locations Fishing by country · Localities · Communities · Fishing banks List of topics by subject Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Oily_fish Categories: Edible fish | Fisheries | Biologically based therapiesHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since July 2007 | Articles lacking sources from April 2007 | All articles lacking sources Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Deutsch Español �slenska This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 15:17
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