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08-SEPTEMBER-2008 09:13:22 - Thromboxane Thromboxane A2 Thromboxane A2 Thromboxane B2 Thromboxane B2 Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are thromboxane A2 and thromboxane B2. Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation thrombosis. Contents 1 Production 2 Mechanism 3 Functions 4 Role of A2 in platelet aggregation 5 Pathology 6 Suppression 7 References 8 External links Production Enzymes and substrates associated with thromoboxane and prostacyclin synthesis. Enzymes and substrates associated with thromoboxane and prostacyclin synthesis. Eicosanoid synthesis. Eicosanoid synthesis. It is produced in platelets by thromboxane-A synthase from the endoperoxides produced by the cyclooxygenase COX enzyme from arachidonic acid. Mechanism Thromboxane acts by binding to any of the thromboxane receptors, G-protein coupled receptors coupled to the G protein Gq1. Functions Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent, and it facilitates platelet aggregation. It is in homeostatic balance in the circulatory system with prostacyclin, a related compound. The mechanism of secretion of thromboxanes from platelets is still unclear. Role of A2 in platelet aggregation Thromboxane A2 TXA2, produced by activated platelets, has prothrombotic properties, stimulating activation of new platelets as well as increasing platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is achieved by mediating expression of the glycoprotein complex GP IIb/IIIa in the cell membrane of platelets. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot. Pathology It is believed that the vasoconstriction caused by thromboxanes plays a role in Prinzmetal's angina. Suppression See also: Mechanism of action of aspirin and Aspirin The widely used drug aspirin acts by inhibiting the ability of the COX enzyme to synthesize the precursors of thromboxane within platelets. Low-dose, long-term aspirin use irreversibly blocks the formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets, producing an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. This anticoagulant property makes aspirin useful for reducing the incidence of heart attacks.2 40 mg of aspirin a day is able to inhibit a large proportion of maximum thromboxane A2 release provoked acutely, with the prostaglandin I2 synthesis being little affected; however, higher doses of aspirin are required to attain further inhibition.3 One side effect of this is that people who regularly take aspirin will suffer from excessive bleeding whenever the skin is perforated. References ^ Rat kidney thromboxane receptor: molecular cloning, signal ... ^ 1 American Heart Association: Aspirin in Heart Attack and Stroke Prevention The American Heart Association recommends aspirin use for patients who've had a myocardial infarction heart attack, unstable angina, ischemic stroke caused by blood clot or transient ischemic attacks TIAs or little strokes, if not contraindicated. This recommendation is based on sound evidence from clinical trials showing that aspirin helps prevent the recurrence of such events as heart attack, hospitalization for recurrent angina, second strokes, etc. secondary prevention. Studies show aspirin also helps prevent these events from occurring in people at high risk primary prevention. ^ Tohgi, H; S Konno, K Tamura, B Kimura and K Kawano 1992. Effects of low-to-high doses of aspirin on platelet aggregability and metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Stroke Vol 23: 1400-1403. PMID 1412574. External links MeSH Thromboxanes v d e Autacoids, unsaturated fatty acids: Eicosanoids Prostanoids Prostaglandins - Thromboxanes A2, B2 Leukotrienes A4 - B4 - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis C4, D4, E4 Other Arachidonic acids - Eicosapentaenoic acid - Lipoxins This biochemistry article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Thromboxane Categories: Eicosanoids | Biochemistry stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français 日本語 Polski Português This page was last modified on 18 April 2008, at 15:06
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