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20-September-2008 10:21:22 - tissue Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but all or most tissues in this category are similarly: Involved in structure and support. Derived from mesoderm, usually. Characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue. One type of connective tissue is Laminin.Blood, cartilage, and bone are usually considered connective tissue, but because they differ so substantially from the other tissues in this class, the phrase connective tissue proper is commonly used to exclude those three. There is also variation in the classification of embryonic connective tissues; on this page they will be treated as a third and separate category. Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content.1 Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Connective tissue proper 1.2 Specialized connective tissues 1.3 Embryonic connective tissues 2 Fiber types 3 Disorders of connective tissue 4 Staining of connective tissue 5 References 6 External links Classification The old classification system for connective tissue is proper versus specilized. There has been a new classifications system proposed, however, and it is as follows: Loose connective tissue Areolar Adipose Reticular Dense connective tissue Regular Irregular Elastic Cartilage Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic Other Bone Blood Lymphatics Connective tissue proper Connective tissue proper Connective tissue proper Areolar or loose connective tissue holds organs and epithelia in place, and has a variety of proteinaceous fibres, including collagen and elastin. Fibrous connective tissue forms ligaments and tendons. Its densely packed collagen fibers have great tensile strength. Specialized connective tissues Specialized connective tissues Specialized connective tissues Blood functions in transport. Its extracellular matrix is blood plasma, which transports dissolved nutrients, hormones, and carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate. The main cellular component is red blood cells. Bone makes up virtually the entire skeleton in adult vertebrates. Cartilage makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes. In most other vertebrates, it is found primarily in joints, where it provides cushioning. The extracellular matrix of cartilage is composed primarily of collagen. Adipose tissue contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication primarily in the pericardium and energy storage. Reticular connective tissue is a network of reticular fibres fine collagen, type III that form a soft skeleton to support the lymphoid organs lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. Embryonic connective tissues Mesenchymal connective tissue Mucous connective tissue Fiber types Fiber types as follows: collagenous fibers elastic fibers reticular fibers Disorders of connective tissue Various connective tissue conditions have been identified; these can be both inherited and environmental. Marfan syndrome - a genetic disease causing abnormal fibrillin. Scurvy - caused by a dietary deficiency in vitamin C, leading to abnormal collagen. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - deficient type III collagen- a genetic disease causing progressive deterioration of collagens, with different EDS types affecting different sites in the body, such as joints, heart valves, organ walls, arterial walls, etc. Loeys-Dietz syndrome - a genetic disease related to Marfan syndrome, with an emphasis on vascular deterioration. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum - an autosomal recessive herary disease, caused by calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibres, affecting the skin, the eyes and the cardiovascular system. Systemic lupus erythematosus - a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of probable autoimmune etiology, occurring predominantly in young women. Osteogenesis imperfecta brittle bone disease - caused by insufficient production of good quality collagen to produce healthy, strong bones. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva - disease of the connective tissue, caused by a defective gene which turns connective tissue into bone. Spontaneous pneumothorax - collapsed lung, believed to be related to subtle abnormalities in connective tissue. Sarcoma - a neoplastic process originating within connective tissue. Staining of connective tissue For microscopic viewing, the majority of the connective tissue staining techniques color tissue fibers in contrasting shades. Collagen may be differentially stained by any of the following techniques: Van Gieson's stain Masson's Trichrome stain Mallory's Aniline Blue stain Azocarmine stain Krajian's Aniline Blue stain References ^ Di Lullo, G. A. 2002. Mapping the Ligand-binding Sites and Disease-associated Mutations on the Most Abundant Protein in the Human, Type I Collagen. Journal of Biological Chemistry: 4223. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110709200. PMID 11704682. External links connective+tissue at eMedicine Dictionary t_12/12810256 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Encyclopaedia Britannica, Connective Tissue Overview at kumc.edu UIUC Histology Subject 230 Connective tissue atlas at uiowa.edu v d e Biological tissue Animals Epithelium - Connective - Muscular - Nervous Plants Dermal - Vascular - Ground v d e Histology: connective tissue Classification proper loose/areolar, dense, adipose brown and white, reticular embryonic mucous, mesenchymal specialized cartilage, bone, blood Extracellular matrix ground substance tissue fluid fibers collagen, reticular fiber, elastic fibers Cells resident fibroblast, adipocyte, chondroblast, osteoblast, wandering cell Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Connective_tissue Categories: Tissues Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Euskara Français Hrvatski Italiano עברית Lietuvių МакедонÑ?ки Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Oromoo Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 6 August 2008, at 19:50
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