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16-September-2008 16:20:31 - Bond dissociation energy In chemistry, bond dissociation energy, D0 or BDE, is one measure of the bond strength in a chemical bond. It is defined as the standard enthalpy change when a bond is cleaved by homolysis,1 with reactants and products of the homolysis reaction at 0 K absolute zero. For instance, the bond dissociation energy for one of the C-H bonds in ethane C2H6 is defined by the process: CH3CH2-H → CH3CH2 + H D0 = ΔH = 101.1 kcal/mol 423.0 kJ/mol The bond dissociation energy is sometimes also called the bond dissociation enthalpy or bond enthalpy, but these terms are not strictly equivalent, as they refer to the above reaction enthalpy at standard conditions, and differ from D0 by about 1.5 kcal/mol 6 kJ/mol in the case of a bond to hydrogen.2 Except in the case of diatomic molecules, the bond dissociation energy is different from the bond energy, which is an average calculated from the sum of the bond dissociation energies of all bonds in a molecule.3 For example, an O-H bond of a water molecule H-O-H has 493.4 kJ/mol of bond dissociation energy, and 424.4 kJ/mol is needed to cleave the remaining O-H bond. The bond energy of the O-H bonds in water is 458.9 kJ/mol, which is the average of the values. In the same way for removing successive hydrogen atoms from methane the bond dissociating energies are 104 kcal/mol 435 kJ/mol for DCH3-H, 106 kcal/mol 444 kJ/mol for DCH2-H, 106 kcal/mol 444 kJ/mol for DCH-H and finally 81 kcal/mol 339 kJ/mol for DC-H. The bond energy is thus 99 kcal/mol or 414 kJ/mol the average of the bond dissociation energies. Note that following dissociation, if new bonds are formed at lower enthalpy, then there is a net loss of energy, and thus an overall exothermic process. Heterolytic bond dissociation energy is involved in chemical bond breaking by heterolysis rather than homolysis. See also Bond strength Bond energy Binding energy Chemical bond References ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1994. Bond dissociation energy. Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet ion. ^ Blanksby, S. J.; Ellison, G. B.; 2003. Bond Dissociation Energies of Organic Molecules. Acc. Chem. Res. 36 4: 255-263. doi:10.1021/ar020230d. ^ Morrison Boyd Organic Chemistry 4th Ed. ISBN 0-205-05838-8 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bond_dissociation_energy Categories: Chemical bond properties Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Español 日本語 This page was last modified on 29 July 2008, at 09:29
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