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16-September-2008 16:20:31 - Butane n-Butane Identifiers CAS number 106-97-8 UN number 1011 As Liquefied petroleum gas: 1075 SMILES CCCC Properties Molecular formula C4H10 Molar mass 58.124 g/mol Appearance Colorless gas Density 600 g/l, liquid 0 °C, 1 atm Melting point -138.4 °C 135.4 K Boiling point -0.5 °C 272.6 K Solubility in water 6.1 mg/100 ml 20 °C Hazards MSDS External MSDS EU classification Highly flammable F+ NFPA 704 4 1 0 Flash point -60 °C Autoignition temperature 500 °C Related compounds Related alkanes Propane; Pentane Related compounds Isobutane; Cyclobutane Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 °C, 100 kPa Infobox references Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. Butane is also used as a collective term for n-butane together with its only other isomer, isobutane also called methylpropane, CHCH33. Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, odorless, easily liquefied gases. The name butane comes from the roots but- and -ane. Structures of the two isomers of butane n-Butane Isobutane Contents 1 Reactions and uses 2 Effects and health issues 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Reactions and uses When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon soot or carbon monoxide may also be formed. 2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O n-Butane is the feedstock for DuPont's catalytic process for the preparation of maleic anhydride: 2 CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 7 O2 → 2 C2H2CO2O + 8 H2O n-Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination providing both 1-chloro- and 2-chlorobutanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. The relative rates of the chlorination is partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies, 425 and 411 kJ/mol for the two types of C-H bonds. The two central carbon atoms have the slightly weaker C-H bonds. Spectrum of the blue flame from a butane torch showing molecular radical band emission and Swan bands. Spectrum of the blue flame from a butane torch showing molecular radical band emission and Swan bands. Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping. When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, it is referred to commercially as LPG. It is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants. Very pure forms of butane, especially isobutane, can be used as refrigerants and have largely replaced the ozone layer depleting halomethanes, for instance in household refrigerators and freezers. The flammability of butane is not a major issue because the amount of butane in an appliance is not enough to cause a combustible mix given the amount of air in a room. The system operating pressure for butane is lower than for the halomethanes, such as R-12, so R-12 systems such as in automotive air conditioning systems, when converted to butane will not function optimally. Effects and health issues Inhalation of butane can cause euphoria, drowsiness, narcosis, asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmia and frostbite, which can result in death from asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation. Butane is the most commonly misused volatile substance in the UK, and was the cause of 52% of solvent related deaths in 2000.1 By spraying butane directly into the throat, the jet of fluid can cool rapidly to -20 °C by expansion, causing prolonged laryngospasm.2 Sudden sniffer's death syndrome, first described by Bass in 1970,3 is the most common single cause of solvent related death, resulting in 55% of known fatal cases.2 Butane gas cylinder used for cooking. Butane gas cylinder used for cooking. Butane being sprayed from an aerosol spray can. Butane being sprayed from an aerosol spray can. See also Volatile substance abuse Camping Gaz Calor gas References ^ Trends in death Associated with Abuse of Volatile Substances 1971-2004 Field-Smith M, Bland JM, Taylor JC, et al., Department of Public Health Sciences. London: St George's Medical School ^ a b Ramsey J, Anderson HR, Bloor K, et al. An introduction to the practice, prevalence and chemical toxicology of volatile substance abuse. Hum Toxicol 1989;8:261-9 ^ Bass M. Sudden sniffing death. JAMA 1970;212:2075-9 External links International Chemical Safety Card 0232 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards European Chemicals Bureau n-Butane Molecule of the Month Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Butane in 3D Computational Chemistry Wiki World LP Gas Association WLPGA UKLPG Propane and Butane in the UK Global BioSciences In-Situ Bioremediation utilizing Butane Butane Viscosity as function of temperature and pressure v d e Alkanes Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6 Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10 Pentane C5H12 Hexane C6H14 Heptane C7H16 Octane C8H18 Nonane C9H20 Decane C10H22 Undecane C11H24 Dodecane C12H26 List of alkanes v d e E numbers Colors E100-199 Preservatives E200-299 Antioxidants Acidity regulators E300-399 Thickeners, stabilisers emulsifiers E400-499 pH regulators anti-caking agents E500-599 Flavour enhancers E600-699 Miscellaneous E900-999 Additional chemicals E1100-1599 Waxes E900-909 Synthetic glazes E910-919 Improving agents E920-929 Packaging gases E930-949 Sweeteners E950-969 Foaming agents E990-999 Calcium peroxide E930 Argon E938 Helium E939 Dichlorodifluoromethane E940 Nitrogen E941 Nitrous oxide E942 Butane E943a Isobutane E943b Propane E944 Oxygen E948 Hydrogen E949 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Butane Categories: Alkanes | Fuels | Fuel gas | Refrigerants Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Français Galego í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kurdî / كوردی Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 13 August 2008, at 19:1
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