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10-SEPTEMBER-2008 16:47:15 - drink A variety of energy drinks are available; the skinny bullet can shape is popular. A variety of energy drinks are available; the skinny bullet can shape is popular. Energy drinks are also sold in larger cans and resealable bottles Reload. Energy drinks are also sold in larger cans and resealable bottles Reload. Energy drinks are soft drinks advertised as providing more energy than a typical drink. Although the amount of quantitative 'energy' as measured in calories in these drinks is often lower than that in regular soft drinks,1 there is scientific basis for concluding that the non-caffeine elements in these drinks contribute to mental alertness and physical performance.2 In marketing energy drinks, manufacturers claim that the beverages increase energy and physical performance. One study says that Red Bull enhances performance.3 There is much controversy regarding their actual effects. Contents 1 Ingredients 2 Desirable effects 3 Adverse effects 4 History 5 Packaging 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Ingredients Generally energy drinks include methylxanthines including caffeine, B vitamins, and herbs. Other common ingredients are guarana, which has a high caffeine content, taurine, plus various forms of ginseng, maltodextrin, carbonated water, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone and ginkgo biloba. Some contain high levels of sugar, and many brands also offer artificially-sweetened 'diet' versions. The central ingredient in most energy drinks is caffeine, the same stimulant found in coffee or tea, often in the form of guarana or yerba mate. The average 237 milliliter 8 fluid ounce energy drink has about 80 mg of caffeine, with 480 ml 16 fl. oz. drinks containing around 150 mg. More recently, drinks containing as much as 400 mg of caffeine have been marketed, such as Burn. Desirable effects A variety of physiological and psychological effects attributed to energy drinks and/or their ingredients have been investigated. Two studies reported significant improvements in mental and cognitive performances as well as increased subjective alertness.4 During repeated cycling tests in young healthy adults an energy drink significantly increased upper body muscle endurance. 5 It was also suggested that reversal of caffeine withdrawal is a major component of the effects of caffeine on mood and performance.6 Restorative properties were shown by a combination of caffeine and CHO in an energy drink,7 and some degree of synergy between the cognition-modulating effects of glucose and caffeine was also suggested.8 In one experiment, a glucose-based energy drink containing caffeine, taurine and glucuronolactone was given to eleven tired participants being tested in a driving simulator. Lane drifting and reaction times were measured for two hours post-treatment and showed significant improvement.9 Two articles concluded that the improved information processing and other effects could not be explained in terms of the restoration of plasma caffeine levels to normal following caffeine withdrawal.10 Adverse effects In the United States, energy drinks have been linked with reports of nausea, abnormal heart rhythms and emergency room visits.11 The drinks may cause seizures due to the crash following the energy high that occurs after consumption.12 France banned the popular energy drink Red Bull after the death of eighteen-year-old Irish athlete Ross Cooney, who died as a result of playing a basketball game after consuming four cans of the drink.13 The French Scientific Committee J.D. Birkel concluded that Red Bull has excessive amounts of caffeine.13 However, Red bull only contains 80 mgs of caffeine, about the same as a cup of coffee. Denmark also banned Red Bull. Britain investigated the drink, but only issued a warning against its use by pregnant women.13 History Energy drinks sold in a drug store in Japan, most of them in small brown glass medicine bottles. Energy drinks sold in a drug store in Japan, most of them in small brown glass medicine bottles. Although not marketed as such, the Scottish drink Irn-Bru may be considered the first energy drink, produced as Iron Brew in 1901. In Japan, the energy drink dates at least as far back as the early 1960s, with the release of the Lipovitan. Most such products in Japan bear little resemblance to soft drinks, and are sold instead in small brown glass medicine bottles or cans styled to resemble such containers. These genki drinks, which are also produced in South Korea, are marketed primarily to the salaryman set. In UK, Lucozade Energy was originally introduced in 1929 as a hospital drink for aiding the recovery; in the early 1980s, it was promoted as an energy drink for replenishing lost energy. In 1985, Jolt Cola was introduced in the United States. Its marketing strategy centered on the drink's caffeine content, billing it as a means to promote wakefulness. The initial slogan was, All the sugar and twice the caffeine. In 1994, The first European energy drink, Power Horse, was launched by Austrian company S. Spitz. it is still sold in many countries, even though it is perhaps overshadowed in most by its more famous Austrian rival, Red Bull. In 1995, PepsiCo launched Josta, the first energy drink introduced by a major US beverage company. In Europe, energy drinks were pioneered by the S. Spitz Company and a product named Power Horse, before the business savvy of Dietrich Mateschitz, an Austrian entrepreneur, ensured his Red Bull product became far better known, and a worldwide best seller. Mateschitz developed Red Bull based on the Thai drink Krating Daeng, itself based on Lipovitan. Red Bull was introduced to the US in 1997 and is the dominant brand there, with a market share of approximately 47%.14 By the year 2001, the US energy drink market had grown to nearly 8 million per year in retail sales. Over the next 5 years, it grew an average of over 50% per year, totaling over $3 billion in 2005.15 Diet energy drinks are growing at nearly twice that rate within the category, as are 16-ounce sized energy drinks. The energy drink market became a $5.4 billion dollar market in 2007, and both Goldman Sachs and Mintel predict that it will hit $10 billion by 2010. Major companies' such as Pepsi, Coca-Cola, Molson, and Labatt have tried to match smaller companies' innovative and different approach, with marginal success. Energy drinks are typically attractive to young people. Approximately 65% percent of its drinkers are between the ages of 13 and 35 years old, with males being approximately 65% of the market.15 Energy drinks are also popular as drink mixers. Smart energy drinks combine energy drinks with smart drinks. Packaging In 2002 CCL Container and Mistic Brands, Inc., part of the Snapple Beverage Group, worked together on the national launch of Mistic RÄ’, which used a recyclable aluminum bottle. Since its introduction, many energy drinks are now packaged in the aluminum bottlecans produced by CCL. Coca-Cola marketed two Powerade brand energy drinks in bullet-shaped, screw-top aluminum bottle cans. Capri Sun targeted 16-25 year-olds with its Island Refreshers line, graduating from a foil pouch design to a bottlecan. See also List of beverages containing guarana List of energy drinks References ^ A can of bull? Do energy drinks really provide a source of energy? ^ Research on the Health Effects of other energy drinks additives ^ The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood. ^ PMID 11665810. PMID 18470842. ^ PMID 18046053. ^ PMID 12424547. ^ PMID 16388831. ^ PMID 15549275. ^ PMID 11310933. ^ PMID 11140366. PMID 11713623. ^ Taste for Quick Boost Tied to Taste for Risk ^ New-onset seizures in adults: Possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks ^ a b c French ban on Red Bull drink upheld by European Court ^ Soda With Buzz Forbes, Kerry A. Dolan, 03.28.05 ^ a b Mintel Energy Drink Report 2006, 07.05.06 External links Sport and Energy drinks at the Open Directory Project v d e Dietary supplements Types Amino acids Bodybuilding supplement Energy drink Energy bar Fatty acids Herbal Supplements Minerals Prebiotics Probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Vitamins Whole food supplements Vitamins and minerals Retinol Vitamin A B vitamins: Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Pantothenic acid B5 Pyridoxine B6 Biotin B7 Folic acid B9 Cyanocobalamin B12 Ascorbic acid Vitamin C Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol Vitamin D Tocopherol Vitamin E Naphthoquinone Vitamin K Calcium Choline Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Other common ingredients Carnitine Chondroitin sulfate Cod liver oil Copper gluconate Creatine/Creatine supplements Dietary fiber Elemental calcium Ephedra Fish oil Folic acid Ginseng Glucosamine Glutamine Iron supplements Japanese Honeysuckle Krill oil Lingzhi Linseed oil Melatonin Red yeast rice Royal jelly Saw palmetto Spirulina Taurine Wheatgrass Wolfberry Yohimbine Zinc gluconate Related articles Codex Alimentarius Enzyte Metabolife Hadacol Nutraceutical Multivitamin Nutrition Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Energy_drink Categories: Energy drinks Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 28 August 2008, at 17:42
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