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14-September-2008 12:50:20 - Anapanasati Redirected from Anapana Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati Pali, meaning 'mindfulness of breathing' sati means mindfulness; Ä?nÄ?pÄ?na refers to inhalation and exhalation, is a fundamental form of mation taught by the Buddha. According to this teaching, classically presented in the Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati Sutta,1 practicing this form of mation as a part of the Noble Eightfold Path leads to the removal of all defilements kilesa and finally to the attainment of nibbÄ?na nirvana. In both ancient and modern times, anapanasati by itself is likely the most widely used Buddhist method for contemplating bodily phenomena.2 Traditionally, anapanasati is used as a basis for practicing mative concentration samadhi until it reached the state of full absorption jhana. It is the same state, reached by the Buddha during his quest for Enlightenment.3 In the Zen tradition, anapanasati is practiced with zazen or shikantaza in the Soto tradition. Anapanasati can also be practised with other traditional mation subjects including the four frames of reference4 and mettÄ? bhÄ?vanÄ?.5 Contents 1 Buddhist origins 2 The practice 3 Stages of Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati 4 Mation with breath 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 7.1 Primary sources 7.2 Secondary sources 8 Further reading 9 External links Buddhist origins Part of a series on Buddhism Portal of Buddhism History Timeline - Buddhist councils Major Figures Gautama Buddha Disciples · Later Buddhists Concepts Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Karma - Nirvana Three marks of existence Skandha · Cosmology Samsara · Rebirth · Dharma Dependent Origination Practices and Attainment Buddhahood · Bodhisattva Four Stages of Enlightenment PÄ?ramitÄ?s · Mation · Laity Precepts · Three Jewels Countries and Regions Bhutan · Cambodia · China India · Indonesia · Japan Korea · Laos · Malaysia Mongolia · Burma · Nepal Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam Western countries Schools TheravÄ?da · MahÄ?yÄ?na VajrayÄ?na Early and Pre-sectarian Texts Pali Canon · Tibetan Canon Chinese Canon Related topics Comparative Studies Cultural elements This box: view talk The Buddha's teaching in this matter was based on his own experience in using anapanasati as part of his means of achieving his own enlightenment. The Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati Sutta specifically concerns mindfulness of inhalation and exhalation, and recommends the practice of Ä?nÄ?pÄ?nasati mation as a means of cultivating the seven factors of awakening: sati mindfulness, dhamma vicaya analysis, viriya persistence, which leads to piti rapture, then to passaddhi serenity, which in turn leads to samadhi concentration and then to upekkhÄ? equanimity. Finally, the Buddha taught that, with these factors developed in this progression, the practice of Ä?nÄ?pÄ?nasati would lead to release Pali: nibbÄ?na; Sanskrit: nirvana from suffering dukkha. The practice The practice of Ä?nÄ?pÄ?nasati varies. Typically, one begins by sitting in a comfortable position, with the back and neck straight, in a comfortable and peaceful environment. The mator should breathe naturally, without attempting to change the length or depth of the breath.Majjhima Nikaya, Sutta No. 118, Section No. 2, translated from the Pali If the breath is short, the mator should simply observe that the breath is short. If the breath is long, the mator should simply observe that the breath is long. While inhaling and exhaling, the mator practises: training the mind to be sensitive to one or more of: the entire body, rapture, pleasure, the mind itself, and mental processes training the mind to be focused on one or more of: inconstancy, dispassion, cessation, and relinquishment steadying, satisfying, or releasing the mind. Tutors will explain that, in an untrained mind, thoughts constantly arise, disturbing the focus. They arise and fall away, like waves in an ocean. If one disregards them, they slowly wither and disappear. On the other hand, if one pays them attention, one is soon lost in a web of thoughts. In this tradition there are two types of thoughts: thoughts from the past and thoughts about the future. These may bring happiness or sadness. It is said that, when left unattended, the mind will flit from one thought to another, wandering aimlessly. Practitioners are tutored to avoid their practice being disrupted by passing thoughts and to nudge themselves into concentrating on their breathing once again. A popular non-canonical method used today, loosely based on the Visuddhimagga, follows four stages: counting each breath at the end of exhalation counting each breath at the beginning of inhalation focusing on the breath without counting focusing only on the spot where the breath enters and leaves the nostrils i.e., the nostril and upper lip area.6 Stages of Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati Formally, there are sixteen stages - or contemplations - of Ä?nÄ?pÄ?nasati. These are divided into four tetrads i.e., sets or groups of four. The first four steps involve focusing the mind on breathing, which is the 'body-conditioner' Pali: kÄ?ya-sankhÄ?ra. The second tetrad involves focusing on the feelings vedanÄ?, which are the 'mind-conditioner' Pali: citta-sankhÄ?ra. The third tetrad involves focusing on the mind itself Pali: citta, and the fourth on 'the truth' Pali: dhamma. Compare right mindfulness and satipatthana. Any Ä?nÄ?pÄ?nasati mation session should progress through the stages in order, beginning at the first, whether the practitioner has performed all stages in a previous session or not.citation needed Satipatthana Anapanasati Tetrads 1. Contemplation of the body 1. Breathing long First Tetrad 2. Breathing short 3. Experiencing the whole body 4. Tranquillising the bodily activities 2. Contemplation of feelings 5. Experiencing rapture Second Tetrad 6. Experiencing bliss 7. Experiencing mental activities 8. Tranquillising mental activities 3. Contemplation of the mind 9. Experiencing the mind Third Tetrad 10. Gladdening the mind 11. Centering the mind in samadhi 12. Releasing the mind 4. Contemplation of Dhammas 13. Contemplating impermanence Fourth Tetrad 14. Contemplating fading of lust 15. Contemplating cessation 16. Contemplating relinquishment Table 1. The Four Satipatthanas and the Sixteen Phases of Anapanasati. Mation with breath Anapanasati is a core mation practice in Buddhism, especially in the Theravada school, and involves merely being a passive observer of the natural involuntary breathing process.7 rather than being in control of the breathing. In any case, anapanasati is not the only breathing-based type of Buddhist mation. For example, in the Buddhist mation practices of Tibet, Mongolia and Japanese Zen mation, control of the breathing is an important element. In the throat singing so widely prevalent in the Buddhist monasteries of Tibet and Mongolia8 the long slow outbreath during chanting is the core of the practice. The sound of the chant also serves to focus the mind in one-pointed concentration samadhi, while the sense of self dissolves as awareness becomes absorbed into a realm of pure sound. In Zen mation, the emphasis is upon maintaining strength in the abdominal area 9 tanden and slow deep breathing during the long outbreath, again to assist the attainment of a mental state of one-pointed concentration. See also Mation Buddhist mation Satipatthana Associated mental factors: Vipassana, Samadhi Buddhist discourses: Anapanasati Sutta, Satipatthana Sutta References ^ In the Pali canon, the instructions for anapanasati are presented as either one tetrad four instructions or four tetrads 16 instructions. The most famous exposition of four tetrads - after which Theravada countries have a national holiday see uposatha - is the Anapanasati Sutta, found in the Majjhima Nikaya MN, sutta number 118 for instance, see Thanissaro, 2006. Other discourses which describe the full four tetrads can be found in the Samyutta Nikaya's Anapana-samyutta Ch. 54, such as SN 54.6 Thanissaro, 2006a, SN 54.8 Thanissaro, 2006b and SN 54.13 Thanissaro, 1995a. The one-tetrad exposition of anapanasati is found, for instance, in the Kayagata-sati Sutta MN 119; Thanissaro, 1997, the Maha-satipatthana Sutta DN 22; Thanissaro, 2000 and the Satipatthana Sutta MN 10; Thanissaro, 1995b. ^ Analayo 2006, p. 125. ^ A Sketch of the Buddha's Life. Access to Insight. Retrieved on 2007-12-03. ^ In regards to practicing anapanasati in tandem with other frames of reference satipatthana, Thanissaro 2000 writes: At first glance, the four frames of reference for satipatthana practice sound like four different mation exercises, but MN 118 the Anapanasati Sutta makes clear that they can all center on a single practice: keeping the breath in mind. When the mind is with the breath, all four frames of reference are right there. The difference lies simply in the subtlety of one's focus.... As a mator get more skilled in staying with the breath, the practice of satipatthana gives greater sensitivity in peeling away ever more subtle layers of participation in the present moment until nothing is left standing in the way of total release. ^ According to Kamalashila 2004, one practices anapanasati with mettÄ? bhÄ?vanÄ? in order to prevent withdrawal from the world and the loss of compassion. ^ Kamalashila 2004. Mation: The Buddhist Way of Tranquillity and Insight. Birmingham: Windhorse Publications; 2r.e. ion. ISBN 1-899579-05-2. . Regarding this list's items, the use of counting methods is not found in the Pali Canon and is attributed to the Buddhaghosa in his Visuddhimagga, it is often thought to be an uneffective method as compared to Anapanasati see, e.g., Analayo, 2006, p. 133, n. 68. ^ http://www.empty-universe.com/emptyuniverse/id36.htm ^ The One Voice Chord ^ Tanden: Source of Spiritual Strength Sources Primary sources Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 1995a. Ananda Sutta: To Ananda On Mindfulness of Breathing SN 54.13. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn54/sn54.013.than.html. Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 1995b. Satipatthana Sutta: Frames of Reference MN 10. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.010.than.html. Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 1997. Kayagata-sati Sutta: Mindfulness Immersed in the Body MN 119. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.119.than.html. Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 2000. Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference DN 22. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight: Readings in Theravada Buddhism, at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.22.0.than.html. Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 2006a. Arittha Sutta: To Arittha On Mindfulness of Breathing SN 54.6. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn54/sn54.006.than.html. Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans. 2006b. Dipa Sutta: The Lamp SN 54.8. Retrieved on 2007-05-20 from Access to Insight at: http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn54/sn54.008.than.html. Secondary sources AnÄ?layo 2006. Satipaá¹á¹hÄ?na: The Direct Path to Realization. Birmingham, England: Windhorse Publications. ISBN 1-899579-54-0. Kamalashila 1996; 2004 2nd ed.. Mation: The Buddhist Way of Tranquillity and Insight. Birmingham: Windhorse Publications. ISBN 1-899579-05-2. Available on-line at http://kamalashila.co.uk/Mation_Web/index.htm. Further reading Mindfulness with Breathing by BuddhadÄ?sa Bhikkhu. Wisdom Publications, Boston, 1996. ISBN 0-86171-111-4. Breath by Breath by Larry Rosenberg. Shambhala Classics, Boston, 1998. ISBN 1-59030-136-6. Tranquillity and Insight by Amadeo Sole-Leris. Shambhala, 1986. ISBN 0-87773-385-6. External links Anapanasati Process Anapanasati Sutta Analysis of the Anapanasati Sutta A free e-book by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu on Anapanasati Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati instructions from Ajahn Pasanno of Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery mation technique Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati instructions from Bhante Vimalaramsi Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati : Mindfulness of Breathing: Unveiling the Secrets of Life by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu Ä€nÄ?pÄ?nasati : 35 Talks by Ajahn Passano Basic Breath Mation Instructions by Thanissaro Bhikkhu v d e Buddhism topics History Timeline · Gautama Buddha · Buddhist councils · History of Buddhism in India · Decline of Buddhism in India · Ashoka the Great · Greco-Buddhism · Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Foundations Three Jewels Buddha, Dharma, Sangha · Four Noble Truths · Noble Eightfold Path · Nirvana · Middle Way Key Concepts Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Suffering, Not-self · Dependent Origination · Five Aggregates · Karma · Vipaka · Rebirth · Samsara · Defilements · Five Hindrances · Ten Fetters · Enlightenment Qualities · Perfections · JhÄ?na · Sense Bases · Four Great Elements · Renunciation · Bodhi · Parinirvana · Two truths doctrine · Emptiness · Bodhicitta · Bodhisattva · Buddha-nature · Bhumi · Trikaya Cosmology Ten spiritual realms · Six Realms Hell, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Heaven · Three Spheres Practices Threefold Training: Morality, Concentration, Wisdom · Buddhist devotion · Taking refuge · Four Divine Abidings: Loving-kindness, Compassion, Sympathetic joy, Equanimity · Mindfulness · Merit · Puja: Offerings, Prostration, Chanting · Paritta · Generosity · Morality: Five Precepts, Eight Precepts, Ten Precepts, Bodhisattva vows, Patimokkha · Bhavana · Mation: Kammaá¹á¹hÄ?na, Recollection, Mindfulness of Breathing, Serenity mation, Insight mation, Shikantaza, Zazen, KÅ?an, Mandala, Tonglen, Tantra Attainment Types of Buddha · Bodhisattva · Four stages of enlightenment: Stream-enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, Arahant Monasticism Monk · Nun · Novice monk · Novice nun · Anagarika · Ajahn · Sayadaw · Zen master · Roshi · Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Tulku · Householder · Lay follower · Disciple · Ngagpa Texts Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Commentaries · Mahayana sutras · Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana · Tibetan Buddhist canon Major Figures Gautama Buddha · SÄ?riputta · MahamoggallÄ?na · Ananda · Maha Kassapa · Buddhaghosa · Nagasena · Bodhidharma · Nagarjuna · Asanga · Padmasambhava · Dalai Lama Branches Theravada · Mahayana: Chan/Zen, Pure Land, Tendai, Nichiren, Madhyamaka, Yogacara · Vajrayana: Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon · Early Buddhist schools · Pre-sectarian Buddhism · Basic points unifying Theravada and Mahayana Countries Bhutan · Burma · Cambodia · China · India · Indonesia · Japan · Korea · Laos · Malaysia · Mongolia · Nepal · Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam · Western countries Comparative Buddhism Science · Psychology · Hinduism · Jainism · East Asian religions · Christianity · Theosophy · Gnosticism Lists Buddhists · Buddhas · Twenty-eight Buddhas · Bodhisattvas · Temples · Books · Buddhism-related topics · Terms and concepts Miscellaneous topics TathÄ?gata · Maitreya · AvalokiteÅ›vara Guan Yin · AmitÄ?bha · BrahmÄ? · MÄ?ra · Dhammapada · Visuddhimagga · Vinaya · Sutra · Abhidharma · Buddhist philosophy · Eschatology · Reality in Buddhism · God in Buddhism · Liturgical languages: Pali, Sanskrit · Dharma talk · Buddhist calendar · Kalpa · Buddhism and evolution · Buddhism and homosexuality · Fourteen unanswerable questions · Ethics · Culture · Monastic robe · Cuisine · Vegetarianism · Art · Greco-Buddhist art · Buddha statue · Budai · Symbolism Dharmacakra · Flag · Bhavacakra · Mantra Om mani padme hum · Prayer wheel · Mala · Mudra · Holidays · Vesak · Uposatha · Vassa · Architecture: Vihara, Wat, Stupa, Pagoda · Pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar · Bodhi tree · Mahabodhi Temple · Higher Knowledge · Supernormal Powers · Miracles of the Buddha · Physical characteristics of the Buddha · Family of the Buddha Category · Portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Anapanasati Categories: Pali words and phrases | Buddhist mation | Theravadan terms and conceptsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since November 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Français Nederlands Polski ไทย This page was last modified on 20 August 2008, at 01:14
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