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14-September-2008 12:50:17 - magnetism For other uses, see Animal Magnetism album. The term's most common usage today refers to a person's sexual attractiveness or raw charisma. But Animal magnetism French: magnétisme animal originally signified a magnetic fluid or ethereal medium residing in the bodies of animate beings, as postulated by Franz Mesmer. The term translates Mesmer's magnétisme animal. Mesmer chose the word animal to distinguish his supposed vital magnetic force from those referred to at that time as mineral magnetism, cosmic magnetism and planetary magnetism. Contents 1 Mesmerism 2 Royal Commission 3 Mesmerism and hypnosis 4 Mesmerism and Spiritual Healing Practices 5 Notes 6 References 7 See also 8 External links Mesmerism A tendency emerged amongst British magnetizers to call their clinical techniques mesmerism in order to distance themselves from the magnetic-fluid-centered theoretical orientation of animal magnetism. However, many scientific practioners - such as French physician, anatomist, gynecologist, and pupil of Joseph Philippe François Deleuze 1753-1835, Théodore Léger 1799-1853, who had moved to Texas around 1836 -- found the label mesmerism to be most improper. Noting that, by 1846, the term Galvanism had been replaced by electricity, and seemingly unaware that Mesmer himself never used the term mesmerism, Léger argued that: MESMERISM, of all the names proposed to replace the term animal magnetism, is decidedly the most improper; for, in the first place, no true science has ever been designated by the name of a man, whatever be the claims he could urge in his favor; and secondly, what are the claims of Mesmer for such an honor? He is not the inventor of the practical part of the science, since we can trace the practice of it through the most remote ages; and in that respect, the part which he introduced has been completely abandoned. He proposed for it a theory which is now viz., 1846 exploded, and which, on account of his errors, has been fatal to our progress. He never spoke of the phenomena which have rehabilitated our cause among scientific men; and since nothing remains to be attributed to Mesmer, either in the practice and theory, or the discoveries that constitute our science, why should it be called MESMERISM?1 Royal Commission The existence of Mesmer's magnetic fluid was scientifically examined by a French Royal Commission set up by Louis XVI in 1784. The Commission included Majault, Benjamin Franklin, Jean Sylvain Bailly, J. B. Le Roy, Sallin, Jean Darcet, de Borey, Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, Antoine Lavoisier, Poissonnier, Caille, Mauduyt de la Varenne, Andry, and de Jussieu. Whilst the Commission agreed that the cures claimed by Mesmer were indeed cures, the commission also concluded there was no evidence of the existence of his magnetic fluid, and that its effects derived from either the imaginations of its subjects or through charlatanry.2 Mesmerism and hypnosis Abbé Faria, or Abbé Abbot José Custódio de Faria, May 30, 1746 - September 20, 1819, was a colourful Indo-Portuguese monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Anton Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by animal magnetism, Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris. He was the first to affect a breach in the theory of the magnetic fluid, to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of autosuggestion. Mesmerism and hypnosis as the term is now understood have nothing in common except their shared historical roots, and the experience of the mesmerized subject is significantly different from that of the hypnotized subject. Mesmerism and Spiritual Healing Practices Mesmerism shares with practices such as reiki and qi gong a concept of life force or energy. However, the practical and theoretical positions of such practices are on whole substantially different from those of mesmerism. Notes ^ Léger, 1846, p.14. ^ The term animal magnetism is also occasionally employed in the context of Christian Science to describe unheeded mental influences, malicious or ignorant, resting on its subjects' belief in them. References Lèger, T. sic, Animal Magnetism; or, Psycodunamy, D. Appleton, New York, 1846 N.B. author is Théodore Léger 1799-1853. See also Franz Mesmer James Esdaile External links Mesmer's propositions via Archive.org Phineas Parkhurst Quimby on Mesmerism Easy guide to Mesmerism and Hypnotism - 1895 introductory book of J. Coates, P.H.D Deleuze's account of Mesmer's experiments Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Animal_magnetism Categories: Obsolete medical theories | Obsolete biological theories | Vitalism | Hypnosis Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Česky Deutsch Español Français Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands Norsk bokmål Polski Português Suomi Svenska This page was last modified on 25 July 2008, at 00:17
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