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14-September-2008 12:50:22 - Asura Buddhism November 2006 Part of a series on Buddhism Portal of Buddhism History Timeline - Buddhist councils Major Figures Gautama Buddha Disciples · Later Buddhists Concepts Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Karma - Nirvana Three marks of existence Skandha · Cosmology Samsara · Rebirth · Dharma Dependent Origination Practices and Attainment Buddhahood · Bodhisattva Four Stages of Enlightenment PÄ?ramitÄ?s · Mation · Laity Precepts · Three Jewels Countries and Regions Bhutan · Cambodia · China India · Indonesia · Japan Korea · Laos · Malaysia Mongolia · Burma · Nepal Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam Western countries Schools TheravÄ?da · MahÄ?yÄ?na VajrayÄ?na Early and Pre-sectarian Texts Pali Canon · Tibetan Canon Chinese Canon Related topics Comparative Studies Cultural elements This box: view talk Asura Sanskrit, PÄ?li and Korean, Tib: Lha.ma.yin, Jp: Ashura, Cn: Axiuluo in Buddhism is the name of the lowest ranks of the deities or demigods of the KÄ?madhÄ?tu. Contents 1 Origins and etymology 2 Character of the Asuras 3 Myths of the Asuras 4 See also Origins and etymology The Buddhist asuras are broadly derived, in general character, from the wicked asuras of Hinduism, but have acquired some very distinctive myths which are only found in Buddhist texts. For the etymology of asura, see Aesir-Asura correspondence. In its Buddhist context, the word is sometimes translated Titan suggesting the wars of the Greek gods and Titans, demigod, or antigod, none of which is entirely satisfactory. The closest analogy in European traditions may be the Norse jötnar, who range from the semi-divine to the monstrous, are sometimes at war with the gods and sometimes married to them. But the usual translation, giants, is small improvement on Titans. Character of the Asuras While all the gods of the KÄ?madhÄ?tu are subject to the passions to some degree, the Asuras above all of them have become addicted to them, especially wrath, pride, boasting and bellicosity. Because of their passions, rebirth as an Asura is considered to be one of the four unhappy births together with rebirth as an animal, a preta, or a being in Naraka. The state of an Asura reflects the mental state of a human being obsessed with force and violence, always looking for an excuse to get into a fight, angry with everyone and unable to maintain calm or solve problems peacefully. In terms of power, Asuras rank above humans but below most of the other deities. They live in the area at the foot of Mount Sumeru, at least partially in the sea that surrounds it. On the popular cosmic picture of the Bhavacakra, the Asuras are sometimes shown as a sixth stage of existence, and sometimes grouped together with the devas. The five-stage version was the originalcitation needed, and the addition of the Asuras as the sixth was done in Tibet on the authority of Je Tsongkhapa. The leaders of the Asuras are called Asurendra PÄ?li: Asurinda Asura-lord. There are several of these, as the Asuras are broken into different tribes or factions. Among them are the bow-wielding DÄ?naveghasa Asuras, and the terrible-faced KÄ?lakañjakas. The principal leaders are Vemacitrin PÄ?li: Vepacitti, RÄ?hu also called Veroca or Verocana, and PahÄ?rÄ?da. Myths of the Asuras The Asuras formerly lived in the TrÄ?yastriṃśa world, on the peak of Mount Sumeru, with the other gods of that world. When Åšakra became the ruler of that world, the Asuras celebrated by drinking a lot of GandapÄ?na wine, a liquor so strong that Åšakra forbade the other gods to drink it. Weakened by their drunkenness, the Asuras could not resist when Åšakra had the whole lot of them thrown over the edge of TrÄ?yastriṃśa into what would become the Asura-world at the base of Sumeru. A tree grows there called CittapÄ?tali; when the Asuras saw it blossom, they saw that it was different from the PÄ?ricchattaka Sanskrit: PÄ?riyÄ?tra tree which had grown in their old home, and they knew that they were dispossessed. They now mated on war. In armor and weapons, they climbed up the steep slopes of Sumeru like ants. Åšakra set out to meet them, but was forced to retreat because of their numbers. Passing through the forest where the garuá¸?as live on his flying chariot, Åšakra saw that his passage was destroying the nests of the garuá¸?as and ordered his charioteer MÄ?tali to turn back. When the pursuing Asuras saw Åšakra turn about, they felt certain that he must be coming back with an even larger army, and they fled, ceding all the ground they had gained. Despite their many wars, there was eventually a partial concord between the TrÄ?yastriṃśa gods and the Asuras. This came about because Åšakra fell in love with SujÄ?, daughter of the Asura chief Vemacitrin. Vemacitrin had given SujÄ? the right to choose her own husband at an assembly of the Asuras, and she chose Åšakra, who had attended disguised as an aged Asura. Vemacitrin thus became Åšakra's father-in-law. See also Asura Buddhist cosmology Sumeru v d e Buddhism topics History Timeline · Gautama Buddha · Buddhist councils · History of Buddhism in India · Decline of Buddhism in India · Ashoka the Great · Greco-Buddhism · Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Foundations Three Jewels Buddha, Dharma, Sangha · Four Noble Truths · Noble Eightfold Path · Nirvana · Middle Way Key Concepts Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Suffering, Not-self · Dependent Origination · Five Aggregates · Karma · Vipaka · Rebirth · Samsara · Defilements · Five Hindrances · Ten Fetters · Enlightenment Qualities · Perfections · JhÄ?na · Sense Bases · Four Great Elements · Renunciation · Bodhi · Parinirvana · Two truths doctrine · Emptiness · Bodhicitta · Bodhisattva · Buddha-nature · Bhumi · Trikaya Cosmology Ten spiritual realms · Six Realms Hell, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Heaven · Three Spheres Practices Threefold Training: Morality, Concentration, Wisdom · Buddhist devotion · Taking refuge · Four Divine Abidings: Loving-kindness, Compassion, Sympathetic joy, Equanimity · Mindfulness · Merit · Puja: Offerings, Prostration, Chanting · Paritta · Generosity · Morality: Five Precepts, Eight Precepts, Ten Precepts, Bodhisattva vows, Patimokkha · Bhavana · Mation: Kammaá¹á¹hÄ?na, Recollection, Mindfulness of Breathing, Serenity mation, Insight mation, Shikantaza, Zazen, KÅ?an, Mandala, Tonglen, Tantra Attainment Types of Buddha · Bodhisattva · Four stages of enlightenment: Stream-enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, Arahant Monasticism Monk · Nun · Novice monk · Novice nun · Anagarika · Ajahn · Sayadaw · Zen master · Roshi · Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Tulku · Householder · Lay follower · Disciple · Ngagpa Texts Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Commentaries · Mahayana sutras · Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana · Tibetan Buddhist canon Major Figures Gautama Buddha · SÄ?riputta · MahamoggallÄ?na · Ananda · Maha Kassapa · Buddhaghosa · Nagasena · Bodhidharma · Nagarjuna · Asanga · Padmasambhava · Dalai Lama Branches Theravada · Mahayana: Chan/Zen, Pure Land, Tendai, Nichiren, Madhyamaka, Yogacara · Vajrayana: Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon · Early Buddhist schools · Pre-sectarian Buddhism · Basic points unifying Theravada and Mahayana Countries Bhutan · Burma · Cambodia · China · India · Indonesia · Japan · Korea · Laos · Malaysia · Mongolia · Nepal · Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam · Western countries Comparative Buddhism Science · Psychology · Hinduism · Jainism · East Asian religions · Christianity · Theosophy · Gnosticism Lists Buddhists · Buddhas · Twenty-eight Buddhas · Bodhisattvas · Temples · Books · Buddhism-related topics · Terms and concepts Miscellaneous topics TathÄ?gata · Maitreya · AvalokiteÅ›vara Guan Yin · AmitÄ?bha · BrahmÄ? · MÄ?ra · Dhammapada · Visuddhimagga · Vinaya · Sutra · Abhidharma · Buddhist philosophy · Eschatology · Reality in Buddhism · God in Buddhism · Liturgical languages: Pali, Sanskrit · Dharma talk · Buddhist calendar · Kalpa · Buddhism and evolution · Buddhism and homosexuality · Fourteen unanswerable questions · Ethics · Culture · Monastic robe · Cuisine · Vegetarianism · Art · Greco-Buddhist art · Buddha statue · Budai · Symbolism Dharmacakra · Flag · Bhavacakra · Mantra Om mani padme hum · Prayer wheel · Mala · Mudra · Holidays · Vesak · Uposatha · Vassa · Architecture: Vihara, Wat, Stupa, Pagoda · Pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar · Bodhi tree · Mahabodhi Temple · Higher Knowledge · Supernormal Powers · Miracles of the Buddha · Physical characteristics of the Buddha · Family of the Buddha Category · Portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Asura_Buddhism Categories: Buddhist cosmology | Buddhist deities, bodhisattvas, and demonsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from November 2006 | All articles lacking sources | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español 日本語 РуÑ?Ñ?кий தமிழà¯? ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 20 June 2008, at 07
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