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14-September-2008 12:50:22 - Avatar: The Last Airbender Redirected from Avatar the Last Airbender Move protected Avatar: The Last Airbender Avatar: The Last Airbender logo. The Chinese characters é™?å?‹ä¸–神通 pinyin:Jià ngshì ShéntÅ?ng that appear with the English logo translate to The divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world. Also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang Genre Adventure, Fantasy Created by Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko Written by Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko John O'Bryan Nick Malis Matthew Hubbard Aaron Ehasz Elizabeth Welch Ehasz Josh Hamilton Ian Wilcox Tim Hedrick Directed by Lauren MacMullan Anthony Lioi Dave Filoni Giancarlo Volpe Ethan Spaulding Joaquim Dos Santos Voices of Zach Tyler Eisen Mae Whitman Jack DeSena Jessie Flower Dante Basco Mako Season 1-2 Greg Baldwin Season 3 Dee Bradley Baker Grey DeLisle Olivia Hack Cricket Leigh Clancy Brown Mark Hamill Jennie Kwan Jason Isaacs Theme music composer The Track Team Composers The Track Team Country of origin Flag of the United States United States Languages English No. of seasons 3 No. of episodes 61 List of episodes Production Executive producers Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko, Aaron Ehasz Running time 24 minutes Broadcast Original channel Nickelodeon 2005-2008 Nicktoons Network 2005-present Picture format NTSC 480i Original run February 21, 2005 - July 19, 2008 External links Official website IMDb profile TV.com summary Avatar: The Last Airbender also known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang is an Emmy award-winning American animated television series that aired for three seasons on the Nickelodeon television network and on Nicktoons Network. The show is set in an Asian-influenced world1 of martial arts and elemental manipulation; the series follows the adventures of Aang and his friends, who try to save the world from war with the Fire Nation.2 The show's protagonist Aang is trapped in an iceberg when he is found by two members of the Southern Water Tribe, Katara and Sokka.3 After being freed from the iceberg, Katara and Sokka join Aang on a long journey across the globe; their ultimate goal is to help Aang acquire the skills to defeat the Fire Lord and end the war.4 In the series' terminology, each episode is referred to as a chapter, and each season as a book. It made its debut on February 21, 2005, and the last episodes were screened on July 19, 2008; it is now available on DVD, the iTunes Store, and the Xbox Live Marketplace, as well as its home on Nickelodeon.5 Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko co-created the series, and serve as executive producers alongside Aaron Ehasz. Avatar: The Last Airbender was popular with both audiences and critics,6 garnering 5.6 million viewers on its best-rated showing and receiving high ratings in the Nicktoons lineup, even outside its 6-11-year-old demographic.47 The first series' success prompted Nickelodeon to order second8 and third9 seasons. Merchandise based on the series include scaled action figures,10 a trading card game,1112 three video games based on the first,13 second,1415 and third seasons, stuffed animals distributed by Paramount Parks, and two LEGO sets.16 Contents 1 Background 1.1 Premise 1.2 Plot summary 2 Characters 3 Influences 3.1 Cultural references 3.1.1 Avatar 3.1.2 Elements 3.2 Western culture 3.3 Asian culture 3.3.1 Calligraphy 3.3.2 Fighting styles 3.3.3 Food 3.3.4 Asian film 3.3.5 Anime 4 Response 4.1 Ratings 4.2 Awards and Nominations 5 Other Media 5.1 Promotion and merchandising 5.2 Feature film 5.3 MMORPG 6 References 7 External links Background Avatar: The Last Airbender was co-created and produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko at Nickelodeon Animation Studios in Burbank, California. According to Bryan Konietzko, the concept of the program was conceived in Spring 2001, when he took an old sketch of a balding, middle-aged man; he re-imagined the character as a child, and the show began to develop.1 Bryan drew the character herding bison in the sky, and showed the sketch to Mike DiMartino. At the time, Michael was studying a documentary about explorers trapped in the South Pole. Konietzko described their early development of the concept: We thought, There's an air guy along with these water people trapped in a snowy wasteland... and maybe some fire people are pressing down on them... -Bryan Konietzko1 The co-creators proceeded to successfully pitch the idea to Nickelodeon VP and executive producer Eric Coleman just two weeks later.17 The show was first revealed to the public in a teaser reel at Comic-Con 2004,18 and aired February 21, 2005. In the United States, the first two episodes of the series were shown together in a one-hour premiere event. At the conclusion of the first season, Nickelodeon ordered a second twenty-episode season that premiered on March 17, 2006, and concluded on December 1.8 The series maintained its success during the second season, causing Nickelodeon to order a third and final season, which began on September 21, 2007 and featured twenty-one episodes rather than the usual twenty.9 The final four episodes were packaged as a two-hour movie. Premise A map of the four nations. The characters at the top, 群雄四分, mean the heroes divide the world or the country or the land in four. The characters of the four lands are æ°´å–„ Water Peaceful, 土強 Earth Strong, ç?«çƒˆ Fire Fierce, and 气和 Air Harmony. The phrase at the bottom, 天下一匡, reads correct all things under heaven. The correct things phrase, with roots of the Confucian analect phrase 一匡天下, refers to reunification.citation needed A map of the four nations. The characters at the top, 群雄四分, mean the heroes divide the world or the country or the land in four. The characters of the four lands are æ°´å–„ Water Peaceful, 土強 Earth Strong, ç?«çƒˆ Fire Fierce, and 气和 Air Harmony. The phrase at the bottom, 天下一匡, reads correct all things under heaven. The correct things phrase, with roots of the Confucian analect phrase 一匡天下, refers to reunification.citation needed Avatar: The Last Airbender takes place in a fantasy world that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and supernatural spirits. Human civilization is divided into four nations: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Air Nomads, and the Fire Nation. Each nation has its own natural element, on which it bases its society. Within each nation exists an order called Benders, who have the ability to manipulate the element of their nation. The show's creators assigned each Bending art its own style of martial arts; inheriting both the advantages and weakness of the martial arts it was assigned. The Bending types are Waterbending, Earthbending, Firebending, and Airbending.19 Each generation yields one person who is capable of Bending all four elements. This being is referred to as the Avatar, the spirit of the planet manifested in human form. When an Avatar dies, he is reincarnated into the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. The Avatar Cycle parallels the seasons: autumn for the Air Nomads, winter for the Water Tribe, spring for the Earth Kingdom and summer for the Fire Nation.20 Legend holds the Avatar must master each bending art in order, starting with his native element. This can sometimes be compromised when the situation requires it, as Aang demonstrates in the show. For the Avatar, learning to bend the element opposite his native element can be extremely difficult. This is because opposing Bending arts are based on opposing fighting styles and disciplines. Firebending and Waterbending are opposites, as are Earthbending and Airbending.21 The Avatar possesses a unique power called the Avatar State. It endows the Avatar with the knowledge and abilities of all past Avatars, and is used as a defense mechanism.22 If an Avatar is killed in the Avatar State, the reincarnation cycle will be broken, and the Avatar will cease to exist.22 Through the ages, countless incarnations of Avatar have served to keep the four nations in harmony, and maintain world order.19 The Avatar serves as the bridge between the physical world and the Spirit World, allowing him or her to solve problems that normal benders cannot.23 Plot summary Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes One hundred years before the start of the series, Aang was told that he was the new Avatar. Fearing the life that this would bring, he ran away from his home temple and was caught in a terrible storm. Aang and his flying bison, Appa, flew into the ocean, where Aang was forced to freeze the two of them for survival using his unique abilities in the Avatar State. One hundred years later, two siblings of the Southern Water Tribe, Katara and Sokka, awaken Aang. After he learns that the Fire Nation began a war after he had been frozen, Aang realizes that he must fulfill his destiny of becoming the Avatar and return balance to the world by defeating the Fire Nation. Aang sets out with Katara and Sokka to master his three remaining elements: Water, Earth, Fire. They leave the Southern Water Tribe and set out for the Northern Water Tribe to find a waterbending teacher for Aang and Katara. During their travels, Aang discovers that Sozin's Comet, which was used to start the war by enhancing the Fire Nation's powers, is returning in under a year. If Aang does not master all four elements and end the war before the year is through, he will fail. As the group travels to the North Pole, they are pursued by Zuko, a banished prince of the Fire Nation who must capture Aang to restore his honor. Aang ultimately fights off an invasion at the North Pole and when the Northern water tribe decides to rebuild the bond with their sister tribe, Master Pakku appoints Katara to finish off Aang's waterbending training. Aang travels to the Earth Kingdom in order to master earthbending. He meets Toph, a blind girl who is able to see with earthbending. After much effort and convincing on the part of the trio, she agrees to not only teach him Earthbending, but to join him as well. During a visit to an ancient library in the desert, Aang and the group discover information about a solar eclipse which would leave the Fire Nation open for an invasion, because firebenders draw their power through the sun. The remainder of the season focuses on Aang's difficulties in getting the information to the Earth King and looking for Appa, who was kidnapped by the Dai Lee, all the while being chased by Zuko's sister Azula, who is after both Aang and Zuko. In the season finale, Azula manages to take control of the Earth Kingdom capital of Ba Sing Se in a coup. Azula learns of the invasion plan after she takes Ba Sing Se. This ultimately causes the invasion to fail. On the day of the failed invasion, Zuko realizes that he no longer believes in the Fire Nation's ways and confronts his father. He sets out to help Aang defeat his father, the Fire Lord, and restore his Nation's honor. Aang then returns to finishing his training. This leads to Zuko becoming Aang's firebending teacher. Eventually, the fated comet arrives, and Aang defeats Fire Lord Ozai by removing his firebending abilities but maintaining his pacifist ways by not killing him. Katara captures Azula, and Suki, Toph, and Sokka defeat a better part of the Fire Nation's army. In the end, the war is over, Zuko becomes the new Fire Lord, and Aang becomes the Avatar he was destined to become. Characters Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender characters Aang Zach Tyler Eisen, Mitchel Musso in the pilot is the fun-loving, 112-year-old protagonist of the series. He is biologically 12 years old but was frozen in an iceberg for 100 years. He is the current incarnation of the Avatar, the spirit of the planet in human form. Aang is a reluctant hero and would prefer adventure over his job as the Avatar and making friends over fighting the Fire Nation. Katara Mae Whitman is a 14-year-old19 Waterbender of the Southern Water Tribe. In the opening of the show, Katara discovers and frees Aang from an iceberg which he was trapped in for one hundred years. With her older brother Sokka, she accompanies Aang on his quest to defeat the Fire Lord, and bring peace to the world. In season 3, she reluctantly learns the rare art of blood bending using the water in another's bloodstream to control their movement. In the original unaired pilot episode, Katara's name was Kaya. Sokka Jack DeSena is a 15-year-old warrior of the Southern Water Tribe. With his sister Katara, he accompanies Aang on his quest to defeat the Fire Lord. The joker of the group, Sokka describes himself as meat-loving and sarcastic.21 Unlike his companions, Sokka cannot bend an element, but the series frequently grants him opportunities to use his true gifts: ingenuity and use of weapons, including his trusty boomerang and a sword he forged from a meteorite after training under the greatest swordsmaster in the Fire Nation. Toph Bei Fong Jessie Flower is a 12-year-old,19 blind Earthbender. In the second season of the show, she leaves her wealthy family and home to join Aang on his quest, with a plan to teach him earthbending. Though blind, Toph sees with Earthbending; she feels the vibrations in the ground through her feet. After being captured by two Earthbenders, she learns to bend metal, as it is merely purified Earth. Zuko Dante Basco is the 16-year-old exiled prince of the Fire Nation and original antagonist of the series. In Book One, Zuko is obsessed with capturing the Avatar. Due to events in Zuko's past, his father, Fire Lord Ozai, deems him a complete failure. Over time, Zuko struggles to deal with his anger, self-pity, and familial relationships; meanwhile, he grows sympathetic to the peoples his nation has terrorized. In Book Three, he defects from his father and the Fire Nation, and joins Aang and the team in order to teach Aang Firebending. At the end of the series he is crowned Fire Lord of the Fire Nation. Azula Grey DeLisle is the 14-year-old19 princess of the Fire Nation. She is Zuko's younger sister and is one of the major antagonists of the series. Azula is considered a firebending prodigy, and is one of the few living firebenders capable of summoning lightning, as well as the only shown to bend a hotter, blue fire. She has no qualms about bullying and threatening her relatives, reserving any familial loyalty for her father, who greatly favors her over Zuko. Iroh Mako in Books 1 and 2, Greg Baldwin onwards is a retired Fire Nation general and Prince Zuko's uncle and mentor. Being the older brother of Fire Lord Ozai, Iroh was the original heir to the Fire Nation throne.24 On the surface, Iroh is a cheerful and kind old man, but underneath his exterior remains a competent warrior and a devoted surrogate parent to Zuko, especially after losing his only child in battle. He is a Grand Master of the Order of the White Lotus, a secret society of men from all nations, and helped in the retaking of Ba Sing Se during Sozin's Comet. Influences Cultural references Avatar is notable for borrowing extensively from Asian art and mythology to create its fictional universe. The show's character designs are heavily influenced by anime; the show, however, is not considered an anime because of its origination in the United States. Explicitly stated influences include Chinese art and history, Japanese anime, Hinduism India, Taoism China, Buddhism India,25 and Yoga India.26 The production staff employs a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, to review scripts. Avatar The term Avatar comes from the Sanskrit word AvatÄ?ra, Sanskrit: अवतार, which means incarnation. In Hindu mythology, gods manifest themselves into Avatars to restore balance on earth, usually after a period of great evil. The Chinese characters that appear at the top of the show's title card mean the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world.27 When Aang was a child, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar; he chose four toys out of thousands, each of which were toys of the previous Avatars. In Tibetan Buddhism, there is a similar test for reincarnations of a Tulku Lama. According to the book Magic and Mystery in Tibet by Alexandra David-Neel, a number of objects such as rosaries, ritualistic implements, books, tea-cups, etc., are placed together, and the child must pick out those which belonged to the late tulku, thus showing that he recognizes the things which were theirs in their previous life.28 The show's official site states the successor is expected to show signs of continuity with the previous Avatar, such as being born within a week of the death.19 Elements Avatar draws on the four classical elements common to most ancient philosophies rather than the five classical Chinese elements for its bending arts: Water, Earth, Fire and Air. Although each has its own variation, most ancient philosophies incorporate these four elements in some way: examples include the classical Hindu, Buddhist, Greek and Japanese elemental traditions. In the show's opening, each element is accompanied by 2 Chinese characters: an ancient Chinese seal script character on the left, and a modern Chinese character on the right: Water æ°´ is associated with Chinese: å–„; pinyin: shà n, which means benevolent or adaptive. Earth 土 is associated with traditional Chinese: å¼·; simplified Chinese: 强; pinyin: qiáng, which means strong. Fire ç?« is associated with Chinese: 烈; pinyin: liè, which means intense or ferocious. Air æ°” is associated with Chinese: å’Œ; pinyin: hé, which means peaceful or harmonious.29 Western culture Film series such as Star Wars, as well as book series such as Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings, were a heavy influence when it came to developing the story of Avatar. The creators wanted to tell their own epic Legend Lore story.30 Asian culture Calligraphy Traditional East Asian calligraphy styles are used for nearly all the writing in the show. For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from seal script more archaic to clerical script.27 The show employs calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee as a consultant and translator.26 Fighting styles The fighting choreography of the show draws from martial arts; the fighting styles and weaponry are based on Chinese martial arts, with each bending art corresponding to a certain real-world style. The creators use Ba Gua for airbending, Hung Gar for earthbending, Northern Shaolin for firebending, and Tai Chi for waterbending.19 The only exception to this is Toph, who employs a Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis style.31 The show employs Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.32 Each fighting style was chosen to represent the element it projected: Tai Chi focuses on alignment, body structure, breath, and visualization. This technique is the foundation of Waterbending in the series.19 Hung Gar was chosen for its firmly rooted stances and powerful strikes to represent the solid nature of earth. This martial art is the basis of Earthbending in the series.19 Chu Gar Southern Praying Mantis has distinguishing movements and unique footwork that are employed by Toph Bei Fong to complement her blindness, giving her a unique style of Earthbending.31 Northern Shaolin Kung Fu uses strong arm and leg movements. This technique is the foundation of Firebending in the series.19 Ba Gua uses erratic, circular movements.19 In Bagua, centrifugal force plays a vital role in generating power, and the nearly constant circular movement creates angles between the fighters. This makes it easier for the practitioner to defend and attack. This martial art is the basis of Airbending and is the bending style of the main character, Aang.3334 Food Tea and other elements of Asian cuisine play a strong role, as seen by Iroh's strong appreciation of tea. In one episode of season 2, Iroh offers Zuko some juk ç²¥ or congee, which is its Cantonese pronunciation. Asian film The choreographed martial art bending moves were profoundly affected by Asian cinema. Avatar creators Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino stated the particular influence in a magazine interview: Asian cinema is really good at action comedy. Shaolin Soccer is one of our favorite movies. It has tons of fantastic action and lots of funny moments. Some of the effects provided inspiration for how bending moves might look on the show.1 Anime Avatar is not considered an anime because of its American origin; one review has commented that Avatar blurs the line between anime and US domestic cartoons until it becomes irrelevant.35 Avatar has many features of anime, such as having a different color palette from other animated shows.36 Avatar creators Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino confirmed a particular anime influence in a magazine interview: The best anime balances great action sequences with humor and emotion, something we try to do on Avatar. We love all the films of Hayao Miyazaki, especially Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke. Both movies deal with spirituality and the environment in an entertaining way. Also, there's a lot of great animation.1 According to an interview with the artists of Avatar, Appa's design was based on the Catbus in My Neighbor Totoro, due to the peculiar task of creating a mammal with six legs.37 Avatar draws inspiration from Shinichiro Watanabe's Cowboy Bebop and Samurai Champloo, as well as FLCL Fooly Cooly of Gainax.38 Other various studios from which inspiration was drawn include Studio 4°C, Production I.G, and Studio Ghibli.39 Bryan has commented that some of his most cherished Watanabe fight scenes were the fight between Bebop's Spike Spiegel and a drug smuggler in Asteroid Blues, as well as the duel between Mugen and a blind female Jojutsu-user in the Champloo episode Elegy of Entrapment Verse 2. Avatar director Giancarlo Volpe also claims the staff were all ordered to buy FLCL and watch every single episode of it.31 Response Ratings When the show debuted, it was rated the best animated television series in its demographic,40 and averaged 1.1 million viewers when new episodes premiered.40 The one-hour special showing of Secret of the Fire Nation which aired on September 15, 2006 consisted of The Serpent's Pass and The Drill, and gathered an audience of 4.1 million viewers. According to the Nielsen Media Research, the special was the best performing cable television show airing in that week.41 Avatar is currently syndicated to more than 105 countries around the world, and is one of Nickelodeon's top rated programs. The series is ranked No. 1 on Nick in Germany, Indonesia, Belgium and Colombia,42 and has a rating of 9.2 on TV.com.43 It is also currently the 8th highest rated show on the site. Sozin's Comet, the series finale, scored the highest ratings of the series with 5.6 million viewers on Nickelodeon in the U.S. It also had the highest ratings of the 6-11 crowd and tweens, marking increases in the triple digits. The entire week of new Avatar episodes, including Sozin's Comet, had a combined rating of 19.0 million viewers. The July 16, 2008 two part movie, The Boiling Rock had ratings of 4.0 million viewers averaging 6.9/1.4 million viewers for 6-11 range and 7.1/1.5 million viewers for the tween of 9-14. The week on average had a rating of 7.6/1.7 million viewers for 9-12 year olds, and 7.3/1.5 million viewers for the 6-11 crowd, with an average in total of 4.6 million viewers. The tie-in webgame Rise of the Phoenix King had almost 815,000 hits for the same week period. It became in three days the number two game on the web. The Avatar message board became the number one board on the Nick website for the week.44 Awards and Nominations Awards Outcome 2005 Pulcinella Awards:45 Best Action/Adventure TV Series Won Best TV Series Won 33rd Annual Annie Awards:46 Best Animated Television Production Nominated Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production The Deserter Won Writing for an Animated Television Production The Fortuneteller Nominated 34th Annual Annie Awards:47 Character Animation in a Television Production The Blind Bandit Won Directing in an Animated Television Production The Drill Won 2007 Genesis Awards: Outstanding Children's Programming Appa's Lost Days Won Primetime Emmy Awards: Outstanding Animated Program City of Walls and Secrets Nominated Individual Achievement Award Sang-Jin Kim for Lake Laogai Won Kid's Choice Awards 2008: Favorite Cartoon48 Won Annecy 2008: TV Series49 Nominated Other Media Promotion and merchandising Avatar's success has led to some promotional advertising with third-party companies, such as Burger King and Upper Deck Entertainment. Avatar-themed roller coasters at Kings Island and at Nickelodeon Universe in the Mall of America also appeared. During the show's runtime, Nickelodeon published two special issues of Nick Mag Presents dedicated entirely to the show. Various members of the Avatar staff and cast appeared at the 2006 San Diego Comic-Con International convention, while Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko appeared with Martial Arts Consultant Sifu Kisu at the Pacific Media Expo on October 28, 2006. Avatar also has its own line of t-shirts, LEGO playsets, toys, a trading card game, a cine-manga, and two video games with a third to debut September 2008. Also in September; Avatar: Legends of the Arena, an MMORPG, will be released online. 50 The Mattel-produced action figure toy line generated some controversy with its exclusion of any female characters.51 Mattel came to release information stating that they have taken account of Katara's increased role within the program, and that she would be included in the figure assortment for a mid 2007 release.52 The figure ultimately went unreleased, however, as the entire line was canceled before she could be produced. Nickelodeon executives have since released highly optimistic plans for upcoming marketing strategies in regards to Avatar. Nickelodeon President Cyma Zarghami openly stated his belief that the franchise could become their Harry Potter.53 They expect consumers to spend about $121 million in 2007, rising to $254 million by 2009.53 The marketing plans are to be coincided with the release of the first live-action film based on the series in 2010, which will be the first film in a trilogy.53 Feature film On January 8, 2007, Paramount Pictures' MTV Films and Nickelodeon Movies announced that they have signed M. Night Shyamalan to write, direct and produce a trilogy of live-action films based on the series; the first of these films will encompass the main characters' adventures in Book One.54 The film was in a dispute with James Cameron's film Avatar regarding title ownership,55 which resulted in the film being titled The Last Airbender. It is set for release on July 2, 2010.56 Filming will begin in Philadelphia in May 2009,57 and it will also be shot in Greenland.58 Avatar co-creators Mike DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko have come forward to voice their opinion within an interview regarding M. Night Shyamalan writing, directing and producing the film. The two displayed much enthusiasm over Shyamalan's decision for the adaptation, stating that they admire his work and, in turn, he respects their material.59 M. Night Shyamalan has stated that he has already begun to cast the main characters.60 MMORPG It has been confirmed that there will be an MMORPG called, Avatar: Legends of the Arena61, and will be launched on September 15, 2008 by Nickelodeon though it is unknown if there will be a monthly subscription 62. Each user who is a member will be able to create their own Avatar character in any nation, and be able to interact with others across the globe.6364 References ^ a b c d e DiMartino, Michael Dante; Konietzko, Bryan 2006. In Their Elements. Nickelodeon Magazine Winter 2006: 6. ^ Watch Out For Avatar on September 10! HTML in English. Nickelodeon Asia. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. ^ The Boy in the Iceberg. Director: Dave Filoni; Writers: Michael Dante DiMartino, Bryan Konietzko. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2005-02-21. No. 1, season 1. ^ a b Element of Shyamalan in 'Airbender'. The Hollywood Reporter. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 2007-01-09. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. ^ BitTorrent Launches Download Platform, worldscreen 2007-02-26. Retrieved on 2007-03-19. ^ Fitzgerald, Tony 2005-06-10. Aang the Avatar, our kids' newest hero. TV.com Tracking. Media Life. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. ^ In Brief: Avatar's Big Finish December 18 - 24, 2006. TVGuide: 12. ^ a b Carlsbad 2006-01-24. Article on Launch of Avatar Card Game. PR Newswire. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. ^ a b A third season consisting of twenty-one episodes began airing on September 21, 2007 ^ Avatar: Toys Games. The Nickelodeon Shop. Nickelodeon, Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. ^ Avatar Trading Car Game. Nickelodeon. Retrieved on 2008-03-24. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game. BoardGameGeek. Retrieved on 2008-03-24. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender Video Game. Nick.com. Nickelodeon. Retrieved on 2008-03-22. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender - The Burning Earth Flash in English. Nickelodeon. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. ^ IGN.com: Avatar: The Burning Earth HTML in English. IGN. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. ^ Jim Cordeira 2006-08-21. THQ Announces Games Convention. Gaming Age. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. ^ Clark, Craig J. 2007-10-17. It's Elementary -- Avatar: The Last Airbender. Animation World Magazine, Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender Sneak Peak. Nickelodeon. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nickelodeon's Official Avatar: The Last Airbender Flash Site. Nick.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. ^ The Southern Air Temple. Director: Lauren MacMullan; Writer: Michael Dante DiMartino. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2005-02-25. No. 3, season 1. ^ a b Bitter Work. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2006-06-02. No. 9, season 2 Book 2. ^ a b The Avatar State. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2006-03-17. No. 1, season 2 Book 2. ^ The Spirit World. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2005-04-08. No. 7, season 1 Book 1. ^ Zuko Alone. Avatar: The Last Airbender. Nickelodeon. 2006-05-12. No. 7, season 2 Book 2. ^ Interview With The Creators. NickSplat.com 2005-10-12. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. ^ a b Mark Lasswell 2005-08-25. Article On Avatar: The Last Airbender. NY Times. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. ^ a b KTChong. Calligraphy Writing In Avatar. Distant Horizon. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. ^ David-Neel, Alexandra. Magic and Mystery in Tibet. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1971 ISBN 0-486-22682-4 ^ Distant Horizon: Avatar Calligraphy. Retrieved on 2006-12-09. ^ IGN: Interview: Avatar's Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino. IGN.com 2007-09-06. Retrieved on 2007-09-24. ^ a b c Audience Questions and Answer Part 2 at the San Diego Comi-con 2006. Flaming June. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. ^ The National Shaolin Information Resource. The Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-02. ^ Miller, Dan 1994. Advanced Circle Walking: Training to Fight. Pa Kua Chang Journal. The Ba Gua Zhang Pa Kua Chang Website of Sifu Park Bok-Nam. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. ^ Cartmell, Tim. An Introduction to Ba Gua Zhang. Shen Wu Martial Arts. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. ^ SciFi Channel Anime Review. SciFi. Retrieved on 2006-10-16. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender Article. Animation World Magazine 2005-02-18. Retrieved on 2006-12-16. ^ Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino. 2006, 2006-09-19. Book 1: Water, Box Set DVD. ^ Mell, Tory Ireland 2008-07-26. Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko talk Airbender. IGN. Retrieved on 2008-07-28. ^ Mullins, Summer. Creation Station, an interview with Bryan Konietzko and Michael DiMartino 39: 74. ^ a b Bynum, Aaron H. 2006-06-30. Avatar: Season 3. Animation Insider. Retrieved on 2006-12-16. ^ Bynum, Aaron H. 2006-09-20. Secret of the Fire Nation Ratings. Animation Insider. Retrieved on 2006-12-16. ^ Aang Is Ready to Strike Down the Fire Nation on the Darkest Day of the Year in Avatar's 'Day of Black Sun' Premiering Friday, Nov. 30 on Nickelodeon. Viacom 2007-11-14. Retrieved on 2008-05-06. ^ Avatar: The Last Airbender. TV.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-06. ^ Nickelodeon's Avatar: The Last Airbender Hits All-Time Series High 2008-07-22. Retrieved on 2008-07-29. ^ Ryan Ball 2005-05-03. Cartoons on the Bay Picks Winners. Retrieved on 2007-12-08. ^ Annie Awards: Legacy - 33rd Annual Annie Awards. 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Nickelodeon, Par team for 'Airbender', Variety. Retrieved on 2008-04-15. ^ Nicole Sperling 2008-04-20. Hollywood Insider: Movies, Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved on 2008-04-20. ^ Richards, Olly 2008-04-15. Exclusive: Shyamalan Talks Avatar, Empire Magazine, Bauer Consumer Media. Retrieved on 2008-04-16. ^ Mike Szymanski 2007-03-17. Avatar Creators Praise Night, Sci Fi Wire. Retrieved on 2006-03-17. ^ Avatar is not over, Anime Square 2008-08-01. ^ Nickelodeon Announces Avatar: Legends of the Arena, Avatarspirit.net. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Avatar MMORPG, Anime Square. Retrieved on 2008-09-11. ^ Nickelodeon Launching Avatar MMORPG Worldwide In September, Worlds in Motion. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. ^ Finale Ratings, Avatar MMORPG More, Avatarspirit.net. Retrieved on 2008-09-09. External links This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. 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