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14-September-2008 12:50:22 - Bataireacht Bataireacht from the Irish bata, meaning stick is a term sometimes applied to a form of traditional Irish stick fighting. Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 Modern practice 4 References Definition Bataireacht is a term used to describe the various stickfighting martial arts of Ireland. The term is found in Irish language dictionaries including that of Dineen.1 Researcher and author John W. Hurley attributes responsibility for reintroducing the term to modern usage to his articles and books. Bata or bhata depending upon context, is a general term which can mean any kind of stick. The actual bata or stick used for bataireacht is often referred to as a Sail-Éille or phonetically in English as shillelagh. The word cudgel is also used in period texts. Traditionally, blackthorn, oak, ash and hazel were the most common types of woods used to make shillelagh fighting sticks.2 In the 19th century bataireacht became associated with Irish gang or faction fighting.2 Some evidence exists which indicates that, prior to the 19th Century, the term had been used to refer to a form of stick-fencing used to train Irish soldiers in broadsword and sabre techniques.citation needed History The Irish have used various sticks and cudgels as weapons of self-defense for centuries.3 Since ancient times, the arts of stick fighting had been handed down from fathers to sons or learned in traditional military fencing schools.citation needed The traditional Irish shillelagh is still identified with popular Irish culture to this day, although the arts of bataireacht are much less so. The sticks used for bataireacht are not of a standardised size, as there are various styles of bataireacht, using various kinds of sticks. By the 18th century bataireacht became increasingly associated with Irish gangs called factions.4 Irish faction fights involved large groups of Irish men and sometimes women who would engage in melees at county fairs, weddings, funerals, or any other convenient gathering. Some social historians, most notably Conley, believe that this reflected a culture of recreational violence.5 By the early 19th century these gangs had organized into larger regional federations, which coalesced from the old Whiteboys, into the Caravat and Shanavest factions. Beginning first in Munster the Caravat and Shanavest war erupted sporadically throughout the 19th century and caused some serious disturbances.citation needed Over time, traditional rules and methods of bataireacht and Shillelagh Law degenerated into more murderous fighting involving farm implements and guns. As the push for Irish independence from Great Britain gained steam toward the end of the 19th century, leaders of the Irish community believed it was necessary to distance themselves from customs associated with factionism and division, to present a united military front to the British, hence the United Irishmen of the Republican movement. Foremost of these customs were the arts of bataireacht, and the shillelagh was soon replaced with the gun of the new unified faction of the Fenian Movement. Modern practice Modern practice of Bataireacht has arisen among some practitioners from a desire to maintain or reinstate Irish family traditions, while for others a combination of historical and cultural interest has lead to their interest in bataireacht.citation needed Practitioners exist in Ireland, the United States and Canada, in movements started somewhat independently of each other. Bataireacht is also gaining popularity among the non-Irish, especially in the United States, as a form of self defense, since a cane or walking stick can be carried easily in modern society. As is the case with most martial arts, multiple versions exist. 3 A few forms of bataireacht survive to this day - some being traditional styles specific to the family which carried them through the years, like the Rince an Bhata Uisce Bheatha whiskey stick dance of the Irish Newfoundlanders Doyle family6, or in the Ramsey family through John Ramsey in Northern Ireland. Others styles survive in the techniques used in the sport of hurling and of course in military sabre fencing which continues to have a great following in Ireland. Additionally, members of the Western Martial Arts movement have reconstructed styles using period martial arts manuals, historical newspaper articles, magazines, pictorial evidence and court documents. Surviving instructional manuals which detail use of the shillelagh include those by Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley, Percy Longhurst, and Donald Walker.7 Only two formal schools can be found teaching traditional bataireacht,citation needed but of the more recent bata style, there are about 8 informal study groups.8 References ^ Dinneen, Patrick S 1904. Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla/Irish-English Dictionary. Irish Texts Society, Dublin. ^ a b Allanson-Winn, R.G.; C. Phillipps-Wolley 1890. Broadsword and Singlestick with chapters on Quarterstaff, Bayonet, Shillalah, Walking-Stick, Umbrella and Other Weapons of Self Defence. London. 1 ^ a b Hurley, John W. 2007. Shillelagh: The Irish Fighting Stick. Lulu. ISBN 1430325704. 2 ^ The Wild Geese Today - Bataireacht: The Art of Irish Stick-Fighting ^ The Agreeable Recreation Of Fighting ^ Whiskey Stick Dancing ^ JohnWHurley.com - Irish Stick-Fighting ^ Comhraiceoir Bhata v d e Martial arts by country of origin The Martial Arts Portal Brazil: Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Capoeira Burma Myanmar: Bando Lethwei Cambodia: Bokator Pradal Serey Canada: Okichitaw China: Baguazhang BÄ?jÃquán Northern Praying Mantis Shaolin kung fu Shuai Jiao Tai chi chuan Wing Chun Xingyiquan Zui Quan Choi Lei Fut Egypt: Egyptian stick fencing France: Kinomichi Savate Greco-Roman wrestling Germany: German school of fencing Greece: Pankration Iceland: Glima India: Gatka Kalarippayattu Malla-yuddha Pehlwani Silambam Vajra Mushti Iran: Varzesh-e Pahlavani Ireland: Bataireacht Israel: Krav Maga Italy: Italian school of swordsmanship Japan: Aikido BattÅ?jutsu HojÅ?jutsu IaidÅ? Iaijutsu JÅ?dÅ? Judo Jujutsu JÅ«kendÅ? Juttejutsu Kendo KenpÅ? Kenjutsu KyÅ«dÅ? KyÅ«jutsu Naginatajutsu Ninjutsu Shurikenjutsu SÅ?jutsu Sumo Korea: Hapkido Hankumdo Hwa Rang Do Subak Ssireum Taekkyeon Taekwondo Tang Soo Do Philippines: Eskrima Modern Arnis Sikaran Yawyan Panantukan Nigeria: Dambe Portugal: Jogo do Pau Russia: Fistfight Sambo Systema RyÅ«kyÅ« Kingdom: Karate Okinawan kobudÅ? Switzerland: Schwingen Thailand: Muay Thai Turkey: YaÄŸlı GüreÅŸ Amarok Sayokan United Kingdom Bartitsu Catch wrestling United States of America: Jeet Kune Do Kajukenbo Marine Corps Martial Arts Program Modern Army Combatives Collegiate wrestling Uzbekistan Kurash Vietnam: Vovinam Unknown or no single origin: Boxing Fencing Silat Stick fighting Wrestling Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bataireacht Categories: Stick fighting | European martial artsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since July 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 26 August 2008, at 06:32
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